Molecular markers of plant hypervariable chloroplast genomes are important genetic markers and have become an important auxiliary means for species identification and phylogenetic analysis. Bambusoideae species are hard to be identified based on external morphology. Therefore, based on the comparative analysis of the whole genome sequences of chloroplasts of five published Bambusoideae species, the hypervariable chloroplast molecular markers of bamboos were selected and developed, and the genetic diversity and phylogeny analyses of nine Bambusoideae species based on five chloroplast molecular markers were performed. The five markers are rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF, and trnG-trnT, with mutations 2 - 40 including indels; the π values of nucleotide diversity are 0.00058-0.03256, and θw values are 0.00097 - 0.02743. The π and θw values of trnG-trnT are the highest, indicating the genetic diversity of trnG-trnT is the highest. Phylogenetic analysis shows that nine Bambusoideae species are clustered into two branches, with Pleioblastus amarus,Pseudosasa japonica and Yushania nana clustered into one branch, and Bambusa blumeana,Dendrocalamus latiflorus,D. minor, Sarocalamus yongdeensis, D. barbatus and D. giganteus clustered into another branch. This study is of great significance for phylogenetic research, species identification and new cultivars development of Bambusoideae.

Jing Wang, Yue Feng, Jing Bi, Chuanyao Huang, Zhenghao Wang, Yongmei Chen. Development and Application of Hypervariable Chloroplast Molecular Markers in Bambusoideae. Academic Journal of Agriculture & Life Sciences (2023) Vol. 4 Issue 1: 43-53. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJALS.2023.040107.

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