Urban, symbolizes a certain stage in the evolution of human civilization. Recently, people have discovered some laws in the operation of urban areas and summarized some characteristics of urban systems. This article aims to introduce the urban sub-systems in the complex urban systems, and to study the interactions among urban sub-systems in the operation of urban areas. The first chapter briefly introduces three urban sub-systems, namely the urban land use system, the urban environment system and the urban transportation system, and analyzes their components and importance in the urban system. The second part through the study of Lanzhou, Vienna, and Seoul, analyze the possible connections between each urban sub-system. The third part takes two worldwide cities, Beijing and Santiago, as examples, emphatically shows the interrelationship of three urban sub-systems in the operation of the complex urban system. The conclusion of this article is that urban areas are important habitats for humans and many living things, it is important for human beings to explore and study the complex urban systems, discover and understand the various urban sub-systems, so as to better build the urban space and pursue the sustainable development of the urban systems.

Chen Danling. The Interactions among Urban Land Use, Environment and Transportation Systems: Draw Miniatures from Five Cities. Academic Journal of Environment & Earth Science (2024), Vol. 6, Issue 4: 53-63. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJEE.2024.060408.

[1] Zhong M , Wang W , Hunt J D ,et al.Solutions to cultural, organizational, and technical challenges in developing PECAS models for the cities of Shanghai, Wuhan, and Guangzhou[J].Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2018, 11(1).DOI:10.5198/jtlu.2018.1329.

[2] Jain A , Robinson D , Dilkina B ,et al.An approach to integrate inter-dependent simulations using HLA with applications to sustainable urban development[C]//Winter Simulation Conference.IEEE Press, 2016.DOI:10.1109/WSC.2016.7822178.

[3] Lin Y J , Chen H Y , Lu W B .A DEA-based Study on the Environmental Performance Assessments of Urban Land Use[J].Ekoloji Dergisi, 2019, 28(107):1513-1519.

[4] Fan X Y , Geng W N , Li X ,et al.Responses of activated sludge to quorum sensing inhibitor and antibiotic compound stress: Interactions among abundant-rare genera, functional genes, and antibiotic resistance genes[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12(2).DOI:10. 1016/j.jece. 2024.112199.

[5] Li C, Bai L, Yao L, et al. A bibliometric analysis and review on reinforcement learning for transportation applications [J]. Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, 2023, 11(1) .DOI:10. 1080/21680566.2023.2179461.

[6] Latta S C , Musher L J , Latta K N ,et al.Influence of human population size and the built environment on avian assemblages in urban green spaces[J].Urban Ecosystems, 2013, 16(3):463-479. DOI:10.1007/s11252-012-0282-z.

[7] Pedro G. Vaz and Dana R. Warren and Paulo Pinto and Eric Christopher Merten and Christopher T. Robinson and Francisco Castro Rego.Tree type and forest management effects on the structure of stream wood following wildfires[J].Forest Ecology and Management, 2011.DOI:10.1016/j. foreco. 2011.04.026.

[8] Ennaji N, Ouakhir H, Abahrour V D B .Impact of watershed management practices on vegetation, land use changes, and soil erosion in River Basins of the Atlas, Morocco[J].notulae botanicae horti agrobotanici cluj-napoca, 2024, 52(1). 

[9] Ratanawaraha A, Chairatana P .Making Innovation Work for Society: Linking, Leveraging and Learning [J]. 2010.

[10] Owen S, Imre R .Little mermaids and pro-sumers The dilemma of authenticity and surveillance in hybrid public spaces[J].International Communication Gazette, 2013, 75(5-6):470-483. DOI:10. 1177/1748048513491897.

[11] Bie C Y .Simulation of departure flow profile at stop lines for signal approach spillover [J].Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2013. DOI:10.1016/j.trc.2013.05.001.