The Hemodynamic Gain Index (HGI) is a parameter assessed during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX). This study evaluated the association between HGI and the occurrence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE). This retrospective analysis included 211 patients who underwent CPX at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2019 and January 2022. Patients were divided into quartile groups based on HGI percentile (calculated as [(HRpeak × SBPpeak) − (HRrest × SBPrest)] / (HRrest × SBPrest)). Baseline characteristics, laboratory findings, and long-term prognosis (MACE) were compared across groups. A predictive model incorporating three risk factors—"interventricular septal thickness, HGI, and history of diabetes"—was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the performance of this model was superior to using peak oxygen consumption (PeakVO₂) alone for predicting MACE (AUC=0.787, 95% CI: 0.629-0.755 vs. AUC=0.637, 95% CI: 0.365-0.923; p=0.004). The predictive model developed in this study, comprising HGI, interventricular septal thickness, and history of diabetes, demonstrated higher diagnostic efficacy for adverse cardiovascular events compared to using PeakVO₂ alone. This model holds greater clinical utility for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events.

Ying Hu, Yang Zhao, Mengwen Yu, Jiayue Fei, Lina Wang. Hemodynamic Gain Index and MACE Incidence- Prognostic and Preventive Value. Frontiers in Medical Science Research (2025), Vol. 7, Issue 4: 116-121. https://doi.org/10.25236/FMSR.2025.070415.

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