This study primarily involved a systematic review of literature published between 2020 and October 2025 from databases including UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, Cochrane Library, NICE, GIN, RNAO, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and SinoMed. The literature focused on clinical practice guidelines, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and expert consensus regarding discharge planning services for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature and extracted relevant data. A total of 13 articles were ultimately included, and after integrating their content, 29 pieces of best evidence were synthesized

Layin Zhang, Hongfang Chen, Meiqin Feng, Nan Sun. Discharge preparation services in patients with DPN: an evidence summary. Academic Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences (2025), Vol. 6, Issue 9: 64-70. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJMHS.2025.060910.

[1] Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, Colagiuri S, Guariguata L, Motala AA, Ogurtsova K, Shaw JE, Bright D, Williams R; IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9 edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Nov;157:107843. 

[2] Williams R, Karuranga S, Malanda B, Saeedi P, Basit A, Besançon S, Bommer C, Esteghamati A, Ogurtsova K, Zhang P, Colagiuri S. Global and regional estimates and projections of diabetes-related health expenditure: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020 Apr;162:108072.

[3] Schaper NC, Van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, Lipsky BA, Bakker K; International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). Prevention and management of foot problems in diabetes: A Summary Guidance for Daily Practice 2015, based on the IWGDF guidance documents. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017 Feb;124:84-92.

[4] Lin J, Zhou J, Wang L. Health care reform in China from the perspective of physicians. Biosci Trends. 2020 May 21;14(2):151-155.

[5] Fenwick AM. An interdisciplinary tool for assessing patients' readiness for discharge in the rehabilitation setting. J Adv Nurs. 1979 Jan;4(1):9-21.

[6] Weiss ME, Bobay KL, Bahr SJ, Costa L, Hughes RG, Holland DE. A Model for Hospital Discharge Preparation: From Case Management to Care Transition. J Nurs Adm. 2015 Dec;45(12):606-14. 

[7] Zhu Z, Hu Y, Zhou YF, et al.Promoting the transformation of evidence to clinical practice: Research topic selection and problem construction[J].Journal of Nurses Training ,2020,35(09):796-799.

[8] Lu Xu, Yin W, Liu QY, et al. Effect of discharge planning on blood glucose and self-management in diabetic patients:a Meta-analysis[J].Journal of Nursing Administration, 2023,23(01):47-51.

[9] Lansang MC, Zhou K, Korytkowski MT. Inpatient Hyperglycemia and Transitions of Care: A Systematic Review. Endocr Pract. 2021 Apr;27(4):370-377. 

[10] Huang K, Deng ZJ, Zhang Y, et al. Effect of peer education and exercise therapy on quality of life in elderly patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy[J].Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2022, 42(21):5248-5251.

[11 Lyu QY, Huang JW, Li YX, Chen QL, Yu XX, Wang JL, Yang QH. Effects of a nurse led web-based transitional care program on the glycemic control and quality of life post hospital discharge in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Jul;119:103929.

[12] Cheng Y. Effects of discharge preparation nursing services on blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes after discharge[J]. Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing,2023,2(5).  

[13] Zhou FY, Guo CB, Long KY, et al. Discharge preparation services in patients with diabetes: an evidence summary[J].Chinese Nursing Management,2024,24(04):535-540.

[14] Demidowich AP, Stanback C, Zilbermint M. Inpatient diabetes management. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2024 Aug;1538(1):5-20.

[15] Discharge planning for adult inpatients with diabetes. https://abcd.care/sites/default/files/site_uploads/JBDS_Guidelines_Current/JBDS_10_Discharge_Planning_Guideline_with_QR_code_March_2023.pdf

[16] Self-management of diabetes in hospital. https://abcd.care/sites/default/files/site_uploads/JBDS_Guidelines_Archive/JBDS_04_Self_Management_Updated_August_2021_Archive.pdf

[17] Davis J, Fischl AH, Beck J, Browning L, Carter A, Condon JE, Dennison M, Francis T, Hughes PJ, Jaime S, Lau KHK, McArthur T, McAvoy K, Magee M, Newby O, Ponder SW, Quraishi U, Rawlings K, Socke J, Stancil M, Uelmen S, Villalobos S. 2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support. Diabetes Care. 2022 Feb 1;45(2):484-494.  

[18] Sun C, Xi H, Li Z, et al. Expert consensus on the discharge planning for hospitalized elderly patients(version 2019)[J].Chinese Journal of Nursing,2020,55(02):220-227.

[19] Branch Group of Neurological Complications Chinese Diabetes Society, National Office of Basic Public Health Service Program for Primary Diabetes Care. National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic neuropathy in primary care (2024 edition). Chinese Journal of Diabetes, 2024, 16(05):496-511. 

[20] Yang WM, Dong Y, Shen J.AMSTAR 2 Quality Evaluation and GRADE Evidence Classification ofSystematic Review of Acupuncture Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis[J].Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional,2021,28(10):45-50.

[21] Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, Burgers JS, Cluzeau F, Feder G, Fervers B, Graham ID, Grimshaw J, Hanna SE, Littlejohns P, Makarski J, Zitzelsberger L; AGREE Next Steps Consortium. AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ. 2010 Dec 14;182(18):E839-42.

[22] Hu Yan, Hao Yufang Evidence based nursing [M]. 2nd edition Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 2018:77.

[23] Shepperd S, Lannin NA, Clemson LM, McCluskey A, Cameron ID, Barras SL. Discharge planning from hospital to home. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 31;(1):CD000313.

[24] Mueller SK, Sponsler KC, Kripalani S, Schnipper JL. Hospital-based medication reconciliation practices: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2012 Jul 23;172(14):1057-69.

[25] Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, Reddy SS, McGill JB, Berga SL, Bush M, Chandrasekaran S, DeFronzo RA, Einhorn D, Galindo RJ, Gardner TW, Garg R, Garvey WT, Hirsch IB, Hurley DL, Izuora K, Kosiborod M, Olson D, Patel SB, Pop-Busui R, Sadhu AR, Samson SL, Stec C, Tamborlane WV Jr, Tuttle KR, Twining C, Vella A, Vellanki P, Weber SL. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. Endocr Pract. 2022 Oct;28(10):923-1049.

[26] Sinclair AJ, Dashora U, George S, Dhatariya K; JBDS-IP Writing Group. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS-IP) Clinical Guideline Inpatient care of the frail older adult with diabetes: an Executive Summary. Diabet Med. 2020 Dec;37(12):1981-1991. 

[27] ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Hilliard ME, Isaacs D, Johnson EL, Kahan S, Khunti K, Leon J, Lyons SK, Perry ML, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Gabbay RA, on behalf of the American Diabetes Association. 16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan 1;46(Suppl 1):S267-S278. 

[28] Wang YM, Li M, Pan XX, et al. Synthesis of systematic reviews on effectiveness of transitional care for diabetes patients[J].Journal of Nursing Science,2018,33(20):95-98.

[29] Shiferaw WS, Akalu TY, Desta M, Kassie AM, Petrucka PM, Aynalem YA. Effect of educational interventions on knowledge of the disease and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open. 2021 Dec 9;11(12):e049806.

[30] Jayakody A, Bryant J, Carey M, Hobden B, Dodd N, Sanson-Fisher R. Effectiveness of interventions utilising telephone follow up in reducing hospital readmission within 30 days for individuals with chronic disease: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016 Aug 18;16(1):403. 

[31] Gonçalves-Bradley DC, Lannin NA, Clemson L, Cameron ID, Shepperd S. Discharge planning from hospital. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Feb 24;2(2):CD000313.