Welcome to Francis Academic Press

Academic Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2023, 4(2); doi: 10.25236/AJMHS.2023.040201.

Exploring Acupuncture for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Based on Insulin Resistance

Author(s)

Fan Yuechao1, Xie Xinke2

Corresponding Author:
Xie Xinke
Affiliation(s)

1Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China

2Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China

Abstract

Taking insulin resistance (IR) as the entry point, based on the effect of IR on the pathogenesis of NAFLD, we investigated the mechanism of acupuncture to modulate IR in the treatment of NAFLD, and proposed the combination of Yu points and the effect of electroacupuncture stimulation parameters on the efficacy of acupuncture, in order to provide directions for later research and clinical practice.

Keywords

Insulin resistance; Acupuncture; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Cite This Paper

Fan Yuechao, Xie Xinke. Exploring Acupuncture for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Based on Insulin Resistance. Academic Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences (2023) Vol. 4, Issue 2: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJMHS.2023.040201.

References

[1] Rebelos E, Iozzo P, Guzzardi MA, et al. Brain-gut-liver interactions across the spectrum of insulin resistance in metabolic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2021 Aug 14;27(30):4999-5018.

[2] Estes C, Razavi H, Loomba R, et al. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. Hepatology. 2018 Jan;67(1):123-133.

[3] Eslam M, Sanyal AJ, George J; International Consensus Panel. MAFLD: A Consensus-Driven Proposed Nomenclature for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2020 May;158(7):1999-2014.e1. 

[4] Eslam M, Newsome PN, Sarin SK, et al. A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement. J Hepatol. 2020 Jul;73(1):202-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.039.

[5] Friedman SL, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Rinella M, et al. Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nat Med. 2018 Jul;24(7):908-922. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0104-9. Epub 2018 Jul 2. PMID: 29967350; PMCID: PMC6553468.  

[6] Chakravarthy MV, Waddell T, Banerjee R, et al. Nutrition and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Perspectives. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2020 Mar;49(1):63-94. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2019.09.003. Epub 2019 Dec 24. PMID: 32033765.

[7] Liu S, Yeh TH, Singh VP, et al. β-catenin is essential for ethanol metabolism and protection against alcohol-mediated liver steatosis in mice. Hepatology. 2012 Mar;55(3):931-40. 

[8] Wu H, Ng R, Chen X, et al. MicroRNA-21 is a potential link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma via modulation of the HBP1-p53-Srebp1c pathway. Gut. 2016 Nov;65(11):1850-1860. 

[9] Chen Z, Yu R, Xiong Y, et al. A vicious circle between insulin resistance and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipids Health Dis. 2017 Oct 16;16(1):203. doi: 10.1186/s12944-017-0572-9. Erratum in: Lipids Health Dis.

[10] Dogru T, Ercin CN, Erdem G, et al. Increased hepatic and circulating interleukin-6 levels in human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Dec;103(12):3217-8. 

[11] Li J, Ng EH, Stener-Victorin E, et al. Acupuncture treatment for insulin sensitivity of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017 Mar 9;18(1):115. 

[12] Zheng Y, Stener-Victorin E, Ng EH, et al. How does acupuncture affect insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance? Study protocol of a prospective pilot study. BMJ Open. 2015 May 3;5(4):e007757.

[13] Zhu LL, Wei WM, Zeng ZH, et al. [Impact of electro-acupuncture on lipid metalolism in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]. Sichuan Da Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2012 Nov;43(6):847-50. Chinese. 

[14] Meng X, Guo X, Zhang J, et al. Acupuncture on ST36, CV4 and KI1 Suppresses the Progression of Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Metabolites. 2019 Dec 9;9(12):299. 

[15] Liang F, Koya D. Acupuncture: is it effective for treatment of insulin resistance? Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010 Jul;12(7):555-69. 

[16] Martinez B, Peplow PV. Treatment of insulin resistance by acupuncture: a review of human and animal studies. Acupunct Med. 2016 Aug;34(4):310-9. 

[17] Morton GJ, Cummings DE, Baskin DG, et al. Central nervous system control of food intake and body weight. Nature. 2006 Sep 21;443(7109):289-95.

[18] Wu Huan,Chen L,Zhang Zhaoqing, et al. Effects of electroacupuncture on TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway in the hypothalamus of obese insulin-resistant rats[J]. Acupuncture Research,2021,46(01):33-38.

[19] Yuan A-H, Bao T-T, Ni Y-Q, et al. Effects of acupuncture on the IRS1/PI3K pathway in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of diabetic rats[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology,2014,34(18):5145-5148.

[20] Liu X, He JF, Qu YT, et al. Effects of electroacupuncture on insulin resistance and hypothalamic insulin signaling molecules in simple obese rats[J]. Chinese Acupuncture,2016,36(09):957-961.

[21] Huang Q, Chen R, Chen L, et al. Effect of electroacupuncture activation of silent information regulator 2-related enzyme 1 on the metabolism of obese rats by regulating hypothalamic appetite suppressant peptide[J]. Acupuncture Research,2019,44(04):270-275.

[22] TIAN Xiaohui,SONG Aiqun,LIANG Fengxia,et al. Effects of electroacupuncture on the energy regulatory signal leptin in insulin-resistant obese rats[J]. Acupuncture Research,2021,46(01):39-44.

[23] Bai CY, Zhuo LS, Zhu Y, et al. [Effect of electroacupuncture on hypothalamic leptin and leptin receptor mRNA expression in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2010 Aug;35(4):277-80, 292. Chinese.

[24] Wang LH,Huang W,Li J,et al. Effects of electroacupuncture on PGC-1α and UCP-1 proteins in white adipose tissue of simple obese rats[J]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2018,33(11):5163-5167.

[25] Chen H,Zhang ZL,Wang XU,et al. Exploring the effect of acupuncture on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats based on phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase signaling pathway[J]. Acupuncture Research,2017,42(03):197-201.DOI:10.13702/j.1000-0607.2017.03.002.

[26] LI Yuanyuan, HU Hui, LIANG Cuimei, et al. Effects of acupuncture on body mass, blood glucose and lipid metabolism in rats with metabolic syndrome[J]. Acupuncture Research,2014,39(03):202-206.

[27] Li Zhixing,Zhang Haihua,Lan Danchun,et al. Effects of electroacupuncture on hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and fatty acid synthase in high-fat-induced insulin-resistant rats[J]. Acupuncture Research,2018,43(01):8-13.

[28] Li ZX, Zhang HH, Lan DC, et al. [Eletroacupuncture improves lipid metabolic disorder by regulating hepatic AMPK/p38 MAPK/RRARγ signaling in rats with high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2019 Jan 25;44(1):8-12. Chinese.

[29] Li YY, Hu H, Liang CM, et al. [Effects of electroacupuncture stimulation of "Daimai" (GB 26) on body weight, blood glucose and blood lipid levels in rats with metabolism syndrome]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2014 Jun;39(3):202-6. Chinese.

[30] Huang Q, Song YJ, Yu ZM, et al. Effects of electroacupuncture on inflammatory response status and insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant obese rats[J]. Acupuncture Research,2019,44(12):898-905.

[31] Wu Huan,Liang Fengxia,Chen Bangguo,et al. Effects of electroacupuncture on inflammatory response and intestinal barrier in insulin-resistant obese rats[J]. Chinese Acupuncture,2019,39(11):1199-1204.

[32] Meng X, Guo X, Zhang J, et al. Acupuncture on ST36, CV4 and KI1 Suppresses the Progression of Methionine- and Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Metabolites. 2019 Dec 9;9(12):299.

[33] Zhou XL, Tang N, Wu T, et al. [Mechanism of catgut embedding at back-shu points for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis based on IKK/IKB/NF-κB signaling pathway]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2020 Jan 12;40(1):59-66. Chinese.

[34] Bokov A, Chaudhuri A, Richardson A. The role of oxidative damage and stress in aging. Mech Ageing Dev. 2004 Oct-Nov;125(10-11):811-26.

[35] Xu F. Effects of electroacupuncture on the expression of PGC-1α and downstream mitochondria-related genes in the quadriceps muscle of ZDF rats[D]. Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2015.

[36] Zeng Zhihua,Zeng Minghui,Huang Xuekuan,et al. Effects of electroacupuncture on the expression of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α and lipid peroxidation in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Acupuncture Research,2014,39(04):288-292.

[37] Zeng ZH, Zeng MH, Huang XK, et al. [Effect of electroacupuncture stimulation of back-shu points on expression of TNF-alpha and lipid peroxidation reaction in the liver tissue in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2014 Aug;39(4):288-92. Chinese.

[38] Li YF, Xie DM, Yao LH, Ma FL. Clinical study on the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with minimally invasive buried threads at acupuncture points[J]. Journal of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and Liver Diseases,2019,29(06):550-551+558.

[39] Zhou GW, Chen L, Wang JZ, et al. Effects of different acupoints of electroacupuncture on intestinal barrier function and inflammatory status in insulin-resistant obese rats[J]. Chinese Journal of Basic Chinese Medicine,2021,27(07):1093-1098.DOI:10.19945/j.cnki.issn.1006-3250.2021.07.014.

[40] Zhu L-L, Wei W-M, Zeng C-H, et al. Effects of electroacupuncture points on lipid metabolism in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Edition),2012,43(06):847-850.

[41] Zhu L-L, Gou Z-J, Zeng Z-H, et al. Effects of electroacupuncture on serum retinol binding protein 4 and liver function in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Acupuncture Research,2012,37(02):99-103.

[42] Wang L,Gong B,Zhu L,et al. Effects of electroacupuncture on serum and liver tissue interleukin-18 in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J]. Acupuncture Research,2013,38(03):208-213.

[43] Nong Yan,Li Wei,Jia Junjun,et al. Comparison of the effects of acupuncture on LPL HL and hepatocyte steatosis in hyperlipidemic rats with single acupuncture point Fenglong and its matching points[J]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2008(01):82-84.

[44] Xie Jieping, Liu Guiling, Li Wei, et al. Study on the optimization parameters of blood lipid regulation by electroacupuncture at Fenglong acupoint[J]. Chinese Acupuncture,2007(01):39-43.