This paper focuses on different types of planning systems and the strengths, weaknesses and potential impacts of these planning systems. Planning systems bring new patterns of mobility to cities, which do not only have a positive impact on urban systems, but may also have some negative effects and even potential impacts on future development. The planning systems applied vary from country to country. This paper examines the differences between the different planning frameworks in a country-specific context, with an eye to the specific application of planning systems in national development.

Lyu Lyu. Overview of Strengths, Weaknesses and Potential Impacts of Different Planning Systems—With Cases of Different Countries. International Journal of Frontiers in Sociology (2023), Vol. 5, Issue 6: 117-124. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJFS.2023.050619.

[1] Friedmann, J. (2020). Planning in the Public Domain. Princeton University Press.

[2] Thomas, D. and M. Tvrdý (2012). Flexibility and Commitment in Planning. Springer Science & Business Media.

[3] Thornley, A. and Rydin, Y. (2002). Planning in a Global Era. Routledge.

[4] Carmona, M. and Sieh, L. (2004). Measuring Quality in Planning.

[5] Rosenhead, J. (1980). Planning Under Uncertainty: The Inflexibility of Methodologies. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 31(3), p. 209.

[6] Janin Rivolin, U. (2008). Conforming and Performing Planning Systems in Europe: An Unbearable Cohabitation. Planning Practice and Research, 23(2), pp.167-186.

[7] Steele, W. and Ruming, K. (2012). Flexibility versus Certainty: Unsettling the Land-use Planning Shibboleth in Australia. Planning Practice and Research, 27(2), pp.155-176.

[8] Newman, P., and Thornley, A. (2002). Urban planning in Europe: International competition, national systems and planning projects. Routledge.

[9] Zou, B. (2003). Exploring the Implementation Mechanism of Urban Master Plan - Review of Shenzhen Urban Master Plan and Countermeasures. Urban Planning Journal, pp. 21–27. 

[10] Yu L. (2011). Controlled and guided planning and future trends in planning systems - The Netherlands and the UK as examples. International Urban Planning, (5), pp.56-65

[11] Healey, P. (1988).  The British planning system and managing the urban environment. Town Planning Review, 59(4), p.397.

[12] Booth, P. (1995). Zoning or Discretionary Action: Certainty and Responsiveness in Implementing Planning Policy. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 14(2), pp.103-112.

[13] Tewdwr-Jones, M. (1999) Discretion, Flexibility, and Certainty in British Planning: Emerging Ideological Conflicts and Inherent Political Tensions. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 18(3), pp.244-256.

[14] Allmendinger, P. (2006). Zoning by Stealth? The Diminution of Discretionary Planning. International Planning Studies, 11(2), pp.137-143.

[15] Lai, S. and Han, H. (2012). On failure of zoning. International Journal of Society Systems Science, 4(4), p.369.

[16] Lai, S-K. (2001). ‘Property rights acquisitions and land development behavior’, Planning Forum, Vol. 7, pp.21–27.

[17] Akaateba, M.A. (2018). Urban Planning Practice under Neo-customary Land Tenure. Technische Universität Berlin. 

[18] Khan, S. and Swapan, M. (2013). From blueprint master plans to democratic planning in South Asian cities: Pursuing good governance agenda against prevalent patron–client networks. Habitat International, 38, pp. 183-191.

[19] Rakodi, C. (2001). Forget planning, put politics first? Priorities for urban management in developing countries. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 3(3), pp.209-223.

[20] Kabir, A. and Parolin, B. (2012). Planning and Development of Dhaka—A Story of 400 Years. 15th International Planning History Society Conference, Cities, Nations and Regions in Planning History, Sao Paulo, 1-20.