As a natural protein, silk protein has superior biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical properties, and can be used in different forms for bone tissue repair in bone tissue engineering as a good biomaterial. The treatment of bone defect has always been a serious challenge for orthopedic surgeons. However, the traditional treatment of bone defect is autologous bone and bone allograft, with limited source and secondary injury with sampling site; the allograft faces ethical problems, rejection, and viral transmission risk. Tissue engineering is an important means to solve tissue and organ defects. It establishes a three-dimensional space complex composed of cells and biological materials and fills the defects, so as to repair the effect Bone tissue scaffold with filim protein plays a huge role in orthopedics, and is expected to bring good news to more patients with bone diseases in the future. In this paper, we review the structural characteristics, biological properties and applications of filamentous proteins in bone tissue engineering.

Wuxikun Wuran, Xiayidan Aihemaitijiang, Tiantian Zhu, Huiyu He. Application of silk fibroin composite scaffold in bone tissue engineering. International Journal of Frontiers in Medicine (2023), Vol. 5, Issue 6: 18-22. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJFM.2023.050604.

[1] Zhao J, Zhou YH, Zhao YQ, et al. Oral cavity-derived stem cells and preclinical models of jaw-bone defects for bone tissue engineering. [J]. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023; 14(1):39. 

[2] Lim HK, Choi YJ, Choi WC, Song IS, Lee UL. Reconstruction of maxillofacial bone defects using patient-specific long-lasting titanium implants. [J]. Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):7538. 

[3] Ferguson BM, Entezari A, Fang J, Li Q. Optimal placement of fixation system for scaffold-based mandibular reconstruction. [J]. Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2022; 126:104855. 

[4] Chocholata P, Kulda V, Babuska V. Fabrication of Scaffolds for Bone-Tissue Regeneration. [J]. Materials (Basel). 2019; 12(4):568. 

[5] Huang W. Ling S. Li C. Omenetto FG. Kaplan DL . Silkworm silk-based materials and devices generated using bio-nanotechnology. [J]. Chem Soc Rev. 2018; 47(17):6486-6504. 

[6] Sangkert S, Juncheed K, Meesane J. Osteoconductive Silk Fibroin Binders for Bone Repair in Alveolar Cleft Palate: Fabrication, Structure, Properties, and In Vitro Testing. [J]. Funct Biomater. 2022; 13(2):80. 

[7] Fang G. Sapru S. Behera S. et al. Exploration of the tight structural-mechanical relationship in mulberry and non-mulberry silkworm silks. [J]. Mater Chem B. 2016; 4(24):4337-4347. 

[8] Asakura T. Structure of Silk I (Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin before Spinning) -Type II β-Turn, Not α-Helix. [J]. Molecules. 2021; 26(12):3706. 

[9] McGill M, Holland GP, Kaplan DL. Experimental Methods for Characterizing the Secondary Structure and Thermal Properties of Silk Proteins. [J]. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2019; 40(1):e1800390. 

[10] Wang HY, Zhang YQ, Wei ZG. Dissolution and processing of silk fibroin for materials science. [J]. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2021; 41(3):406-424. 

[11] Jo YY, Kim SG, Kwon KJ, et al. Silk Fibroin-Alginate-Hydroxyapatite Composite Particles in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications in Vivo. [J]. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(4):858. 

[12] Yi BC, Zhang HL, Yu ZP, Yuan HH, Wang XL, Shen YB, Bao JY, Lou XX, Zhang YZ. Osteoinductivity and performance of silk fibroin solution. [J]. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016; 20(52):7788-7795

[13] Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Khalili F, Khosropour N, et al. Hybrid Bionanocomposite Containing Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Embedded in a Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel Plus Silk Fibroin as a Scaffold for Wound Dressing Applications. [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021; 13(29): 33840-33849. 

[14] Gil ES, Park SH, Hu X, Cebe P, Kaplan DL. Impact of sterilization on the enzymatic degradation and mechanical properties of silk biomaterials. [J]. Macromol Biosci. 2014; 14(2):257-269. 

[15] Zhang L, Liu X, Li G, Wang P, Yang Y. Tailoring degradation rates of silk fibroin scaffolds for tissue engineering. [J]. Biomed Mater Res A. 2019; 107(1):104-113. 

[16] Kwak HW, Ju JE, Shin M, Holland C, Lee KH. Sericin Promotes Fibroin Silk I Stabilization Across a Phase-Separation. [J]. Biomacromolecules. 2017; 18(8):2343-2349. 

[17] Tian Y, Wu Q, Li F, et al. A flexible and biocompatible bombyx mori silk fibroin/wool keratin composite scaffold with interconnective porous structure. [J]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2021; 208: 112080. 

[18] Ding Liuchuang, Zhao Xiaoqi, Han Xiangzhen, Zhou Qiqi, et al. Performance comparison of three-dimensional printed silk fibroin/polyvinyl alcohol /nano-hydroxyapatite scaffold and polyvinyl alcohol /nano-hydroxyapatite scaffold. [J]. Stomat0ology. 2018; 07-0598-05. 

[19] Sun W, Gregory DA, Tomeh MA, Zhao X. Silk Fibroin as a Functional Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering. [J]. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(3):1499. 

[20] Wang L, Nan X, Hou J, et al. Preparation and biological properties of silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite/hyaluronic acid composite scaffold. [J]. Biomed Mater. 2021; 16(4). 

[21] Kim BC, Bae H, Kwon IK, et al. Osteoblastic/cementoblastic and neural differentiation of dental stem cells and their applications to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. [J]. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2012; 18(3):235-244. 

[22] Park JY, Yang C, Jung IH, et al. Regeneration of rabbit calvarial defects using cells-implanted nano-hydroxyapatite coated silk scaffolds. [J]. Biomater Res. 2015; 19:7. 

[23] Liu Xy, Li L, Zhang K, Li J, Han Xz, He Hy. Osteogenesis using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets combined with threedimensional printed Cervus elaphus antler powder/silk fibroin/ polyvinyl alcohol scaffold in vivo. [J]. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2021; 25(34):5420-5426. 

[24] Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Shokrgozar MA, Ai J, Hadjati J, Azami M. Bio-hybrid silk fibroin/calcium phosphate/PLGA nanocomposite scaffold to control the delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor. [J]. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2014; 35:401-410. 

[25] Wang Q. Zhang Y. Li B. Chen L. Controlled dual delivery of low doses of BMP-2 and VEGF in a silk fibroin-nanohydroxyapatite scaffold for vascularized bone regeneration. [J]. Mater Chem B. 2017; 5(33): 6963-6972. 

[26] Guo P, Du P, Zhao P, et al. Regulating the mechanics of silk fibroin scaffolds promotes wound vascularization. [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021; 574:78-84.