In order to systematically evaluate the risk factors for liver cirrhosis complicated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in China, we searched CNKI, Wanfang Digital Journals Full-text Database (Wanfang), Weipu Journal Resource Integration Service Platform(VIP) and PubMed database on risk factors for liver cirrhosis combined with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in China, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS) used the most comprehensive data collection based on relevant case-control trials to evaluate the quality of the extracted literature combined with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies with a score of ≥ 7 were included and meta-analysed using RevMan 5.4. Finally, twenty-one articles met the inclusion criteria, the cumulative number of cases and controls were 2222 and 2785 cases. We can come to the conclusion that Spleen, gastric varices, esophageal varices, PT (prothrombin time), ascites, left gastric vein diameter, liver function child grade C, esophageal varices, liver cirrhosis, portal vein diameter, and alcohol consumptionIt is an independent risk factor for liver cirrhosis combined with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in China, and the control of the above factors can effectively improve the risk of patients with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in China.

Haonan Zhao, Qian Tang, Hui Ding. A Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Liver Cirrhosis Combined with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in China. International Journal of Frontiers in Medicine (2023), Vol. 5, Issue 6: 109-117. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJFM.2023.050617.

[1] Guo Lingfei. Causes and etiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis[J]. Heilongjiang Medical Journal, 2008, 32(9):697-698. 

[2] Czernichow P, Hochain P, Nousbaum JB, Raymond JM, Rudelli A, Dupas JL, Amouretti M, Gouérou H, Capron MH, Herman H, Colin R. Epidemiology and course of acute upper gastro-intestinal haemorrhage in four French geographical areas. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000 Feb; 12(2):175-81. 

[3] Feng H, Zhang YH. Effect of Chinese medicine therapy for strengthening-Pi and nourishing-Shen in preventing lamivudine induced YMDD mutation and its immunologic mechanism. Chin J Integr Med. 2010 Feb;16(1):19-22. 

[4] Ooyang Canhui. Clinical medical treatment effect of 92 cases of liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding[J]. Modern Diagnosis and Treatment, 2014, 25(06):1320-1321. 

[5] Zeng Xiantao, Liu Hui, Chen Xi, et al. Meta-analysis series 4: quality evaluation tools for observational studies[J]. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Medicine, 2012, 4(04): 297-299. 

[6] Yuan Jing, Wei Xiaojing, Huang Jingjing, et al. Risk factors for liver cirrhosis complicated by upper gastrointestinal bleeding and observation of the effect of adjuvant treatment of baiyao in Yunnan[J]. Modern Chinese Doctor, 2014, 52(7):20-22, 25. 

[7] Chang Yufei, Liu Xiao, Gao Yue, et al. Analysis of influencing factors of portal hypertension complicated by upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis[J]. Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2021, 7(10):1222-1226. 

[8] Chen Zhimin, Qiu Jiancheng, Shangguan Huimin, et al. Risk factors and prognostic factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Hospital Infectology, 2015, 25(19):4488-4490. 

[9] Cidan Zhuoga, Wang Feng. Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding complicated by plateau liver cirrhosis[J]. Tibet Science and Technology, 2008(07):53-54. 

[10] Cui Xingliang, Liu Xiaodong, Ren Haixia, et al. Risk factors associated with liver cirrhosis complicated by upper gastrointestinal bleeding[J]. Journal of Intractable Diseases, 2014, 13(05): 488-489+493. 

[11] Deng Xu, Ren Baiyue, Han Xiaohong. Risk factors analysis and nursing countermeasures for portal hypertension complicated by upper gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly liver cirrhosis[J]. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2021, 27(04):716-718. 

[12] Fang Yuan, Shen Xiang, Zhang Hui. Analysis of influencing factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by portal hypertension in cirrhosis[J]. Hepatology, 2020, 25(06):607-610. 

[13] Luo Yizhen, Gan Yao. Controlled study of risk factors associated with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis[J]. China Medical Guide, 2012, 14(11):1899-1900. 

[14] Han Dan, Zhang Tao, Zhang Yuexin. Risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis [J]. Journal of Chengdu Medical College, 2016, 11(01):62-64. 

[15] Huang X, Zhang Lixia, Zhang Ying, et al. Related factors of portal hypertension complicated by upper gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly liver cirrhosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2019, 39(01): 84-86. 

[16] Yang Hongyu, Zhong Zhu, Gu Nayu, et al. Risk factors and nursing countermeasures for liver cirrhosis combined with upper gastrointestinal bleeding[J]. Nursing Practice and Research, 2018, 15(14): 11-13. 

[17] Liu Ruixian. Risk factors and prognostic factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis [J]. Special Health, 2018(24):102-103. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 2095-6851. 2018. 24. 111. 

[18] Zhang Heyuan, Wang Xuan, Wang Fang, et al. Risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and predictive efficacy of RLR, TBA and PT in patients with portal hypertension with cirrhosis[J]. Progress in Modern Biomedicine, 2022, 22(12):2377-2382. 

[19] Lu Jugang. Analysis of influencing factors of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis [J]. Journal of Medical Forum, 2019, 40(03):81-84. 

[20] Yang Meirong, Zhang Guoshun, Liu Bin, et al. Analysis of influencing factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis[J]. Chinese Clinical Integrative Clinic, 2016, 32(3): 235-238. DOI:10. 3760/cma. j. issn. 1008-6315. 2016. 03. 013. 

[21] Peng Huan, Su Jie, Wang Qiongping, et al. Risk factors analysis and nursing countermeasures for liver cirrhosis complicated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding[J]. Nursing Practice and Research, 2019, 16(19):65-67. 

[22] Shao Hua. Clinical features and risk factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 80 cases of liver cirrhosis[J]. Modern Chinese Pharmaceutical Application, 2018, 12(24):43-45. 

[23] Shi Yanqing, Zhang Juan, Liu Bin, et al. Risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis[J]. World Latest Medical Information Digest, 2018, 18(98):24-25. 

[24] Wu Xueling, An Liangmin, Li Qijun, et al. Risk factors and prognosis of hepatitis B cirrhosis combined with upper gastrointestinal bleeding[J]. Health Must Read, 2022(12):98-99. 

[25] Wu Yanfang. Risk factors and prognostic factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis [J]. Shaanxi Medical Journal, 2015(3):340-342. 

[26] Su Linhong, Ye Haidong. Investigation and analysis of related factors of liver cirrhosis complicated by upper gastrointestinal bleeding[J]. China Hospital Statistics, 2015, 22(05):367-368. 

[27] Sousa M, Fernandes S, Proença L, Silva AP, Leite S, Silva J, Ponte A, Rodrigues J, Silva JC, Carvalho J. The Baveno VI criteria for predicting esophageal varices: validation in real life practice. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2017 Oct; 109(10):704-707. 

[28] Li Zhiying. Risk factors and prognosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with portal vein thrombosis with cirrhosis [J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Innovation, 2019, 16(32):54-58. 

[29] Garcia-Tsao G. Portal hypertension. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2005 May; 21(3):313-22. 

[30] Yang Meirong, Deng Lili, Liu Bin, et al. Clinical study of somatostatin combined with danshen in the treatment of liver cirrhosis complicated by upper gastrointestinal bleeding and portal vein thrombosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Modern Medicine, 2017, 27(13):63-66. 

[31] Liu Jia, Gu Jianli. Retrospective analysis of clinical features and prognostic risk factors of liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding[J]. Modern Digestive and Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, 2018, 23(01):52-54. 

[32] Xie Ling, Chen Ping, Wu Yunlin, et al. Clinical analysis of 42 cases of endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation in the treatment of bleeding from senile liver cirrhosis complicated with portal vein thrombosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology and Imaging (Electronic Edition), 2018, 8(06): 249-252.