Welcome to Francis Academic Press

International Journal of Frontiers in Sociology, 2023, 5(12); doi: 10.25236/IJFS.2023.051222.

Study on the Citizen Perceptions of Smart Cities in China: A Mediating Effect of Citizen Quality of Life

Author(s)

Long He1,2, Kim Mee Chong1, Xinxiang Gao1, Tze Horng Tan3

Corresponding Author:
Kim Mee Chong
Affiliation(s)

1Graduate School of Business, SEGI University, Kota Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia

2Guizhou University of Commerce, Guiyang, China

3Asia Metropolitan University, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract

Although there has been a significant amount of research focused on citizen-centric smart cities, most previous studies have primarily focused on urban residents' quality of life and well-being. There is limited knowledge on the perception of smart cities, particularly the views and attitudes of young digital natives from China. Using quality of life as a moderator, the objective of this study is to examine the perceptions of China's young citizens regarding smart cities. This quantitative study employed a survey methodology. The scales used in the study were derived from established scales found in the previous research literature. Due to personal and privacy issues, a randomized questionnaire survey was conducted to allow respondents to freely provide their answers and minimize potential bias caused by social desirability. Young participants invited to take part in the survey were contacted either verbally or through email and completed the survey online by using the Wen Juan Xing portal - the most commonly used and authoritative data collection service platform in China. This study found that the majority of reports from young citizens said that making smart city services would positively affect their quality of life. In addition, these youthful citizens argued that the creation of smart cities is a positive development. The perceptions of these young individuals have provided valuable data for evaluating and refining smart city development strategies, enabling city administrators and ICT companies to better engage with citizens. This facilitates the enhancement of ICT-based urban services to become more intelligent.

Keywords

Smart city service, Citizens’ perceptions of smart city, Quality of life, Modified ECT theory

Cite This Paper

Long He, Kim Mee Chong, Xinxiang Gao, Tze Horng Tan. Study on the Citizen Perceptions of Smart Cities in China: A Mediating Effect of Citizen Quality of Life. International Journal of Frontiers in Sociology (2023), Vol. 5, Issue 12: 135-146. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJFS.2023.051222.

References

[1] Staletić, N., et al., Citizens' readiness to crowdsource smart city services: A developing country perspective. Cities, 2020. 107: p. 102883.

[2] Pirlone, F., I. Spadaro, and S. Candia, More resilient cities to face higher risks. The Case of Genoa. Sustainability, 2020. 12(12): p. 4825.

[3] Feng, X., et al., Comprehensive evaluation of urban resilience based on the perspective of landscape pattern: A case study of Shenyang city. Cities, 2020. 104: p. 102722.

[4] Albino, V., U. Berardi, and R.M. Dangelico, Smart cities: Definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives. Journal of urban technology, 2015. 22(1): p. 3-21.

[5] Lin, C., et al., Smart city development and residents’ well-being. Sustainability, 2019. 11(3): p. 676.

[6] Ma, H., The construction path and mode of public tourism information service system based on the perspective of smart city. Complexity, 2020. 2020: p. 1-11.

[7] Wang, M., T. Zhou, and D. Wang, Tracking the evolution processes of smart cities in China by assessing performance and efficiency. Technology in Society, 2020. 63: p. 101353.

[8] Yao, T., Z. Huang, and W. Zhao, Are smart cities more ecologically efficient? Evidence from China. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2020. 60: p. 102008.

[9] Chen, Z. and I.C.C. Chan, Smart cities and quality of life: a quantitative analysis of citizens' support for smart city development. Information Technology & People, 2022. 36(1): p. 263-285.

[10] Deakin, M., A. Reid, and L. Mora, Smart cities: the metrics of future internet-based developments and renewable energies of urban and regional innovation. Journal of Urban Technology, 2020. 27(4): p. 59-78.

[11] Ji, T., et al., Towards people-centric smart city development: Investigating the citizens’ preferences and perceptions about smart-city services in Taiwan. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2021. 67.

[12] Zhu, Y.-Q. and N. Alamsyah, Citizen empowerment and satisfaction with smart city app: Findings from Jakarta. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2022. 174: p. 121304.

[13] Krivý, M., Towards a critique of cybernetic urbanism: The smart city and the society of control. Planning Theory, 2018. 17(1): p. 8-30.

[14] Yigitcanlar, T., et al., Can cities become smart without being sustainable? A systematic review of the literature. Sustainable cities and society, 2019. 45: p. 348-365.

[15] Kummitha, R.K.R., Smart cities and entrepreneurship: An agenda for future research. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2019. 149: p. 119763.

[16] Han, M.J.N. and M.J. Kim, A critical review of the smart city in relation to citizen adoption towards sustainable smart living. Habitat International, 2021. 108: p. 102312.

[17] Lebrument, N., et al., Triggering participation in smart cities: Political efficacy, public administration satisfaction and sense of belonging as drivers of citizens’ intention. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2021. 171: p. 120938.

[18] Zhu, S., D. Li, and H. Feng, Is smart city resilient? Evidence from China. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2019. 50: p. 101636.

[19] Malhotra, C., V.M. Chariar, and L.K. Das, User centred design model (G2C2G) for rural e-governance projects. International Journal of Electronic Governance, 2009. 2(4): p. 378-401.

[20] Huang, G., et al., Factors affecting sustainability of smart city services in China: From the perspective of citizens’ sense of gain. Habitat International, 2022. 128.

[21] Oliver, R.L., A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of marketing research, 1980. 17(4): p. 460-469.

[22] Bhattacherjee, A., Understanding information systems continuance: An expectation-confirmation model. MIS quarterly, 2001: p. 351-370.

[23] Ashfaq, M., et al., I, Chatbot: Modeling the determinants of users’ satisfaction and continuance intention of AI-powered service agents. Telematics and Informatics, 2020. 54: p. 101473.

[24] Alruwaie, M., R. El-Haddadeh, and V. Weerakkody, Citizens' continuous use of eGovernment services: The role of self-efficacy, outcome expectations and satisfaction. Government information quarterly, 2020. 37(3): p. 101485.

[25] Dodgson, M. and D. Gann, Technological innovation and complex systems in cities. Journal of Urban Technology, 2011. 18(3): p. 101-113.

[26] Neirotti, P., et al., Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylised facts. Cities, 2014. 38: p. 25-36.

[27] Chourabi, H., et al. Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. in 2012 45th Hawaii international conference on system sciences. 2012. IEEE.

[28] Lee, J. and H. Lee, Developing and validating a citizen-centric typology for smart city services. Government Information Quarterly, 2014. 31: p. S93-S105.

[29] Jeong, K.S., T.H. Moon, and S.Y. Heo, A study on u-city service classification and the service framework for the standardization of u-city service. The Journal of KOREA Planners Association, 2009. 44(3): p. 231-246.

[30] Giffinger, R. and H. Gudrun, Smart cities ranking: an effective instrument for the positioning of the cities? ACE: architecture, city and environment, 2010. 4(12): p. 7-26.

[31] Camboim, G.F., P.A. Zawislak, and N.A. Pufal, Driving elements to make cities smarter: Evidences from European projects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2019. 142: p. 154-167.

[32] Macke, J., et al., Smart city and quality of life: Citizens’ perception in a Brazilian case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018. 182: p. 717-726.

[33] Greco, I. and M. Bencardino. The paradigm of the modern city: SMART and SENSEable Cities for smart, inclusive and sustainable growth. in Computational Science and Its Applications–ICCSA 2014: 14th International Conference, Guimarães, Portugal, June 30–July 3, 2014, Proceedings, Part II 14. 2014. Springer.

[34] Molina‐Morales, F.X. and M.T. Martínez‐Fernández, Social networks: effects of social capital on firm innovation. Journal of small business management, 2010. 48(2): p. 258-279.

[35] Romice, O., et al., Urban design and quality of life. Handbook of environmental psychology and quality of life research, 2017: p. 241-273.

[36] Santos, L.D., I. Martins, and P. Brito, O conceito de qualidade de vida urbana na perspectiva dos residentes na cidade do Porto. Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais, 2005(9): p. 5-18.

[37] Nam, T. and T.A. Pardo. Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. in Proceedings of the 12th annual international digital government research conference: digital government innovation in challenging times. 2011.

[38] Ståhlbröst, A., B. Bergvall-Kåreborn, and C. Ihlström-Eriksson. Stakeholders in smart city living lab processes. in Americas Conference on Information Systems: 13/08/2015-15/08/2015. 2015. Americas Conference on Information Systems.

[39] Flanagan, J.C., A research approach to improving our quality of life. American psychologist, 1978. 33(2): p. 138.

[40] Skevington, S.M., M. Lotfy, and K.A. O'Connell, The World Health Organization's WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group. Quality of life Research, 2004. 13: p. 299-310.

[41] WHOQOL. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL). 2012; Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HIS-HSI-Rev.2012.03.

[42] Evans, G., Creative cities, creative spaces and urban policy. Urban studies, 2009. 46(5-6): p. 1003-1040.

[43] Capdevila, I. and M.I. Zarlenga, Smart city or smart citizens? The Barcelona case. Journal of strategy and management, 2015. 8(3): p. 266-282.

[44] Hall, P., Creative cities and economic development. Urban studies, 2000. 37(4): p. 639-649.

[45] Nilssen, M., To the smart city and beyond? Developing a typology of smart urban innovation. Technological forecasting and social change, 2019. 142: p. 98-104.

[46] Shen, L., et al., A holistic evaluation of smart city performance in the context of China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018. 200: p. 667-679.

[47] Cerutti, P.S., et al., “Green, but not as green as that”: An analysis of a Brazilian bike-sharing system. Journal of cleaner production, 2019. 217: p. 185-193.

[48] Ismagilova, E., et al., Smart cities: Advances in research—An information systems perspective. International journal of information management, 2019. 47: p. 88-100.

[49] Appio, F.P., M. Lima, and S. Paroutis, Understanding Smart Cities: Innovation ecosystems, technological advancements, and societal challenges. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2019. 142: p. 1-14.

[50] Carvalho, J.M., et al., Toward a resource‐based view of city quality: A new framework. Growth and Change, 2018. 49(2): p. 266-285.

[51] Paaso, A., et al., Grid modernization is paving the way for building smarter cities [technology leaders]. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 2018. 6(2): p. 6-108.

[52] De Jong, M., et al., Sustainable–smart–resilient–low carbon–eco–knowledge cities; making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization. Journal of Cleaner production, 2015. 109: p. 25-38.

[53] Wolfram, S., Cellular automata and complexity: collected papers. 2018: crc Press.

[54] De Guimarães, J.C.F., et al., Governance and quality of life in smart cities: Towards sustainable development goals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020. 253.

[55] Florida, R., C. Mellander, and P.J. Rentfrow, The happiness of cities. Regional studies, 2013. 47(4): p. 613-627.

[56] Bertram, C. and K. Rehdanz, The role of urban green space for human well-being. Ecological economics, 2015. 120: p. 139-152.

[57] Kumar, V., Smart environment for smart cities. Smart environment for smart cities, 2020: p. 1-53.

[58] Cook, D.J. and M. Schmitter-Edgecombe, Assessing the quality of activities in a smart environment. Methods of information in medicine, 2009. 48(05): p. 480-485.

[59] Gupta, S., S.Z. Mustafa, and H. Kumar, Smart people for smart cities: A behavioral framework for personality and roles. Advances in Smart Cities, 2017: p. 23-30.

[60] Shami, M.R., V.B. Rad, and M. Moinifar, The structural model of indicators for evaluating the quality of urban smart living. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2022. 176: p. 121427.

[61] Popova, Y. and S. Popovs, Impact of smart economy on smart areas and mediation effect of national economy. Sustainability, 2022. 14(5): p. 2789.

[62] Turečková, K. and J. Nevima, The cost benefit analysis for the concept of a smart city: How to measure the efficiency of smart solutions? Sustainability, 2020. 12(7): p. 2663.

[63] Van Audenhove, F.-J., et al., The future of urban mobility 2.0: imperatives to shape extended mobility ecosystems of tomorrow. 2014.

[64] Mataix González, C., Movilidad Urbana Sostenible: Un reto energético y ambiental. Argumentos Para La Cultura, Obra Social Caja Madrid, 2010.

[65] Shapiro, J.M., Smart cities: quality of life, productivity, and the growth effects of human capital. The review of economics and statistics, 2006. 88(2): p. 324-335.

[66] Georgiadis, A., P. Christodoulou, and Z. Zinonos, Citizens’ perception of smart cities: A case study. Applied Sciences, 2021. 11(6): p. 2517.

[67] Stone, M., et al., Information management in the smart city. The Bottom Line, 2018.

[68] Lim, M., The politics and perils of dis/connection in the Global South. Media, Culture & Society, 2020. 42(4): p. 618-625.

[69] Bollen, K.A. and J. Pearl, Eight myths about causality and structural equation models. Handbook of causal analysis for social research, 2013: p. 301-328.

[70] Liu J, Gao X, Cao Y, et al. Catalytic Effect of Green Human Resource Practices on Sustainable Development Goals: Can Individual Values Moderate an Empirical Validation in a Developing Economy? [J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(21): 14502. 

[71] Gao X. Qualitative Analysis of the Key Influencing Factors of Farmers Participate in Agricultural Products E-Commerce to Help Rural Revitalization [J]. Academic Journal of Business & Management, 2022, 4(17): 121-130.

[72] Gao X, Raja T, Chong K M, et al. Examining the Phenomenon of Juveniles Digital Addiction in Rural China[J]. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 2023, 8(24): 273-282.

[73] Gao X X, Pertheban T R, Chong K M, et al. Phenomenon of Digital Addiction among Rural Digital Juveniles: A survey in rural China [J]. Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies, 2023, 8(25): 67-85.