Welcome to Francis Academic Press

Academic Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2024, 5(8); doi: 10.25236/AJMHS.2024.050801.

Advances in the Study of Risk Prediction Models for Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Diseases

Author(s)

Lulu Chen, Xiaoyan Jia, Hua Zhang

Corresponding Author:
Hua Zhang
Affiliation(s)

Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China

Abstract

Pelvic Floor Dysfunction (PFD) is an umbrella term for a range of disorders affecting the function of the pelvic floor muscles and tissues in women. It not only impacts the quality of life for women but can also lead to psychosocial issues. With the advancement of medical big data and artificial intelligence technologies, the study of disease prediction models has become a hot topic in the medical field. These models can assist physicians in early screening during pregnancy and the postpartum period to identify high-risk groups for disease development, allowing for proactive preventive measures and a reduction in disease incidence. This review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for identifying and discussing the strengths and limitations of existing models, as well as exploring potential directions for their development. The prediction models encompass a variety of types, from statistical methods to machine learning, including but not limited to nomograms, logistic regression, decision trees, support vector machines, and neural networks. We hope to provide valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers, ultimately improving the prognosis and quality of life for postpartum patients.

Keywords

PFD, Prediction Models, Nomograms, Logistic Regression, Decision Trees

Cite This Paper

Lulu Chen, Xiaoyan Jia, Hua Zhang. Advances in the Study of Risk Prediction Models for Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Diseases. Academic Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences (2024), Vol. 5, Issue 8: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJMHS.2024.050801.

References

[1] Chen Juan, Zhu Lan. The Standardization and Regulation of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Treatment for Chinese Women is Urgently Needed [J]. Chinese Journal of Family Planning and Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2023, 15 (01): 3+24.

[2] Zhu Lan, Lou Wenjia. Current Status of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in Chinese Women [J]. Chinese Journal of Family Planning and Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2020, 12 (10): 3-4+8.

[3] Zhu Lan. The Significance of Female Pelvic Floor Electrophysiological Big Data for Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2018, 34 (01): 23-24. DOI:10.19538/j.fk2018010106.

[4] Cattani L, Schoubroeck V D, Bruyn D C, et al. Body Image and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Prospective One-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study [J]. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2024.

[5] Thangarajah F, Soff J, Lenz C, et al. Care Needs and Self-Induced Measures of Women with Postpartum Pelvic Floor Disorders - Results of a Social Media-Based Survey of 2930 Women [J]. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2024, 309 (4): 1467-1473.

[6] L O J D, Mariana M, Fernanda P, et al. Pelvic Floor Injury During Vaginal Birth is Life-Altering and Preventable: What Can We Do About It? [J]. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2024, 230 (3): 279-294.e2.

[7] Harry M J, Karin F, Gunilla T, et al. Fecal Incontinence and Associated Pelvic Floor Dysfunction During and One Year after the First Pregnancy [J]. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2023, 102 (8): 1034-1044.

[8] Tokumasa S, Kazumi M, Hiroki M, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pelvic Floor Disorders After Delivery in Japanese Women Using the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory: A Retrospective Cohort Study [J]. Cureus, 2023, 15 (6): e40152. 

[9] Zhu Lan, Chen Juan. Interpretation of the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse (2020 Edition) [J]. Chinese Medical Information Guide, 2020, 35 (15): 17.

[10] Li Jie, Hou Rui, Liang Yi, et al. Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Pelvic Floor Dysfunctional Diseases 6-8 Weeks Postpartum [J]. Chinese Nursing Journal, 2019, 54 (08): 1241-1247.

[11] Sun Zhijing, Zhu Lan, Lang Jinghe, et al. A National Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study on Pelvic Floor Electrophysiological Indices and Degrees of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Nulliparous Women 6 Weeks Postpartum [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2015, 31(05): 433-439.

[12] M F T V, Mirjam W, Joanna I, et al. Risk Factors for Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Its Recurrence: A Systematic Review [J]. International Urogynecology Journal, 2015, 26(11): 1559-1573.

[13] Masha B, Ganer H H, Jacob B, et al. Are Women with Cervical Incompetence at a Higher Risk of Experiencing Urinary and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptoms? [J]. International Urogynecology Journal, 2020, 31(2): 385-389.

[14] Jelovsek E J. Clinical Prediction is at the Heart of Preventing Birth Trauma and Pelvic Floor Disorders for Individual Women [J]. International Urogynecology Journal, 2021, 32(7): 1-6.

[15] A J D, Rufus C, Peter H D, et al. International Urogynecological Consultation (IUC): Pathophysiology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) [J]. International Urogynecology Journal, 2022, 33(7): 1-12.

[16] Cattani L, Decoene J, Page A, et al. Pregnancy, Labour and Delivery as Risk Factors for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Systematic Review [J]. International Urogynecology Journal, 2021, 32(7): 1-9.

[17] Cenk Y, Funda U G, Ozlem D, et al. External Validation of a Model Predicting De Novo Stress Urinary Incontinence After Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery [J]. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 2021, 40(2): 688-694.

[18] Milsom I, Gyhagen M. Breaking News in the Prediction of Pelvic Floor Disorders [J]. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2018, 38: 5441-48.

[19] Don W, James D, Ian M, et al. UR-CHOICE: Can We Provide Mothers-to-Be with Information About the Risk of Future Pelvic Floor Dysfunction? [J]. International Urogynecology Journal, 2014, 25(11): 1449-1452.

[20] K D V, R T, H A S, et al. Levator Ani Muscle Avulsion During Childbirth: A Risk Prediction Model [J]. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2014, 121(9): 1155-1163; discussion 1163.

[21] WenYing F, Hua Y, XiuQin Y, et al. Prediction of Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction with a Nomogram Model Based on Big Data Collected During Pregnancy. [J]. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 2021, 10(2): 2143-2151.

[22] Q W, J X Y, X H L, et al. Establishment and Validation of a Prediction Model for New-Onset Pelvic Organ Prolapse in the Early Postpartum Period. [J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2022, 57(1): 32-38.

[23] Chen Cong, Ni Leyi, Ni Feifei, et al. Development of a Risk Prediction Model for Postpartum Pelvic Myofascial Pain. [J]. Journal of Wenzhou Medical University, 2022, 52(1): 35-40, 46.

[24] Zheng Yuanyuan, Ni Feifei, Chen Cong. Development of a Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Postpartum Pelvic Myofascial Pain in Women After Vaginal Delivery. [J]. Chinese Modern Doctor, 2022, 60(35): 35-40+45.

[25] Wu Zhirong, Zhu Yuping, Wan Lijuan. Factors Influencing the Treatment Outcome of Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Rehabilitation and the Establishment of a Nomogram Prediction Model. [J]. Development Medicine Electronic Journal, 2023, 11(03): 187-193.

[26] Chen Jing, Li Jiayi, Zhang Lan. The Impact of Pregnancy Intervals on Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Parous Women and the Establishment of a Risk Model. [J]. International Journal of Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2023, 42(04): 282-286.

[27] He Yuxin, Jiang Hua, Liu Yinghui, et al. Analysis of Risk Factors for Postpartum Pelvic Myofascial Pain Based on a Classification Tree Model. [J]. Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal, 2023, 27(06): 1192-1195+1282.

[28] Tao Naijuan, Lu Huan, Chen Yun. Risk Factors for Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Diseases and the Construction of a Risk Model. [J]. Chinese Maternal and Infant Health Care, 2022, 37(18): 3417-3420. DOI:10.19829/j.zgfybj.issn.1001-4411.2022.18.033.

[29] Qiu Yichao. Construction of a Nomogram Prediction Model for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Childbearing Women. [J]. Chinese Journal of Maternal and Infant Health Research, 2021, 32(05): 724-729.

[30] Chow N, Gallo L, Busse JW. Evidence-Based Medicine and Precision Medicine: Complementary Approaches to Clinical Decision-Making [J]. Precision Clinical Medicine, 2018, 1(2): 60-4.

[31] Ranstam J, Cook JA, Collins GS. Clinical Prediction Models [J]. British Journal of Surgery, 2016, 103(13): 1886.

[32] Moons KGM, Altman DG, Reitsma JB, et al. Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): Explanation and Elaboration. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2015, 162(1): W74.

[33] Day S, Coombes RC, McGrath-Lone L, et al. Stratified, Precision or Personalised Medicine? Cancer Services in the 'Real World' of a London Hospital [J]. Sociology of Health & Illness, 2017, 39(1): 143-158.

[34] Steyerberg EW, Vergouwe Y. Towards Better Clinical Prediction Models: Seven Steps for Development and an ABCD for Validation [J]. European Heart Journal, 2014, 35(29): 1925-1931.

[35] Han K, Song K, Choi BW. How to Develop, Validate, and Compare Clinical Prediction Models Involving Radiological Parameters: Study Design and Statistical Methods [J]. Korean Journal of Radiology, 2016, 17(3): 339-350.

[36] Su TL, Jaki T, Hickey GL, et al. A Review of Statistical Updating Methods for Clinical Prediction Models [J]. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 2018, 27(1): 185-197.

[37] Gu Hongqiu, Zhou Zhirui, Zhang Zhongheng, et al. Clinical Prediction Models: Basic Concepts, Application Scenarios, and Research Ideas [J]. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Cardiology, 2018, 10(12): 1454-1456, 1462.

[38] Gu Hongqiu, Wang Junfeng, Zhang Zhongheng, et al. Clinical Prediction Models: Model Establishment [J]. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Cardiology, 2019, 11(1): 14-16, 23.

[39] Wynants L, Van Calster B, Collins GS, et al. Prediction Models for Diagnosis and Prognosis of COVID-19: Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal. BMJ, 2020: m1328. (Most studies lack complete design and assessment of calibration)

[40] Riley RD, Snell KI, Ensor J, et al. Minimum Sample Size for Developing a Multivariable Prediction Model: PART II - Binary and Time-to-Event Outcomes. Statistical Medicine, 2019, 38(7): 1276-1296. 

[41] Bonnett LJ, Snell KIE, Collins GS, et al. Guide to Presenting Clinical Prediction Models for Use in Clinical Settings. BMJ, 2019, 365: l737. (Model Presentation)

[42] Li Xiaocong, Wang Chuangshi, Hao Jun, et al. Introduction to Calibration and Updating Methods of Clinical Prediction Models and Implementation with R Software [J]. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2023, 23(1): 112-119.

[43] Wolff RF, Moons KGM, Riley RD, et al. PROBAST: A Tool to Assess the Risk of Bias and Applicability of Prediction Model Studies. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2019, 170(1): 51-58. (Model Quality Evaluation)

[44] Chen Xiaohuan, Lin Run, Jin Diaofen, et al. The Impact of Standardized Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Management on Maternal and Perinatal Pelvic Muscle Strength, Urinary Incontinence, and Quality of Life [J]. Nursing Research, 2019, 33(18): 3113-3117.

[45] Tan Jiankun, Tan Yanping, Liang Xiaoli. Research on the Effect of Postpartum Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Technology on the Prevention and Treatment of Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction [J]. Chinese Journal of Maternal and Infant Health Research, 2016, 27(02): 228-230.

[46] Ma Le, Liu Juan, Li Huan, et al. Part One of the Postpartum Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Process - The Significance and Basic Principles of Postpartum Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2015, 31(04): 314-321.

[47] Liu Juan, Ge Huan, Li Huan, et al. Part Two of the Postpartum Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Process: Rehabilitation Assessment - Medical History Collection, Pelvic Tissue Injury, and Pelvic Floor Function Assessment [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2015, 31(05): 426-432.

[48] Li Huan, Long Tengfei, Li Danyan, et al. Part Three of the Postpartum Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Process - Postpartum Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Measures and Implementation Plan [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2015, 31(06): 522-529.