Viral infection triggers an immune response through signal transduction. Cyclic guanosine-adenylate synthetase (cGAS) recognises viral DNA and interacts with the interferon gene stimulating protein (STING) to mediate the production of interferon type 1 (IFN1). The retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-1) receptor recognises viral RNA and activates IFN1 by triggering the RIG-1 signalling pathway via the mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (MAVS). STING not only serves as a DNA viral signalling pathway protein, but also interacts with MAVS and participates in the RNA viral signalling pathway. However, the proteases of RNA viruses, such as dengue virus and hepatitis C virus, escape from the immune system by interacting with STING and inhibit IFN production. In this paper, we review the interaction mechanism between STING and MAVS, and the escape of RNA viruses from the immune system through STING, in order to provide new ideas for the study of viral escape from the natural immune regulation mechanism. Cellular autophagy is a metabolic process widely found in eukaryotic organisms, which is mainly involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis and cellular material recycling by degrading damaged organelles and macromolecules in cells. It has been found that autophagy can participate in the infection process of RNA viruses, and the viruses have evolved a certain mechanism to regulate autophagy to promote their own proliferation. In this paper, we also review the progress of the interaction between RNA virus infection and cellular autophagy in recent years, with a view to providing some reference for antiviral research.

Qinglu Zhao, Ruizhe Li, Dingcheng Wei, Zhanying Hu, Rui Zhang. New Developments in the Study of the Mechanisms by Which RNA Viruses Evade Natural Immunity. Academic Journal of Agriculture & Life Sciences (2024) Vol. 5 Issue 1: 150-157. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJALS.2024.050120.

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