Neuroblastoma (NB), an embryonic tumor arising from the autonomic nervous system in children, stands as one of the most prevalent extracranial malignant neoplasms in this demographic. This article provides a comprehensive review of the risk factors associated with NB, encompassing maternal, fetal, and genetic susceptibility aspects. Empirical studies indicate that environmental pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene, may be implicated in NB incidence. Furthermore, maternal lifestyle during pregnancy, including smoking, alcohol consumption, and vitamin intake, has been posited to influence the offspring's susceptibility. Genetic research has identified mutations in the PHOX2B and ALK genes as pivotal in familial NB, while genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated genes such as CASC15, BARD1, and LMO1 in NB susceptibility. Future research endeavors will delve into the intricate interplay between environmental and genetic factors, thereby offering novel avenues for early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of NB.

Ailikamu Aierken, Li Kai, Li Shuixue. Advancements in the research of risk factors for pediatric neuroblastoma. International Journal of Frontiers in Medicine (2024), Vol. 6, Issue 12: 66-71. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJFM.2024.061210.

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