Deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities is one of the common complications in patients with gynecological tumor after surgery. If early detection and timely intervention, most patients will get good results. Once the disease is not treated in time, if it progresses further, thrombus rupture will occur due to the influence of many factors. If the thrombus enters the lungs, it will lead to severe pulmonary embolism, which poses a serious threat to the life of the patient. Compared with other populations, the blood viscosity of tumor patients is high, and they will be in a hypercoagulable state for a long time. Moreover, the tumor consumes more human functions, and the probability of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs is higher. In clinical work, medical staff should timely identify the high risk factors causing postoperative deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, and formulate corresponding nursing measures according to the high risk factors, such as diet guidance, drug and physical prevention, health guidance before discharge and so on, to reduce the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities and improve the quality of life of patients. This article reviews the key points of nursing for the prevention of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in patients with gynecological tumor after surgery, so as to provide a nursing plan for the prevention of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in the future.

Du Fengxiang, Sun Yajuan, Xie Juan. Research progress on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity after gynecological tumor surgery. Academic Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences(2025), Vol. 6, Issue 2: 57-64. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJMHS.2025.060209.

[1] de Athayde Soares R, Matielo MF, Brochado Neto FC, et al. Ultrasound Aspects and Recanalization Rates in Patients with Lower-Limb Deep Venous Thrombosis Treated with Rivaroxaban. Ann Vasc Surg. 2020 Aug;67:293-299. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.01.017. Epub 2020 Jan 10. PMID: 31931131.

[2] Zhuang Q, He Q, Aikebaier A, et al. The Risk Factors for New-Onset Calf Muscle Venous Thrombosis after Hip Fracture Surgery. J Pers Med. 2023 Jan 30;13(2):257. doi: 10.3390/jpm13020257. PMID: 36836491; PMCID: PMC9964475.

[3] Ageno W, Vedovati MC, Cohen A, et al. Bleeding with Apixaban and Dalteparin in Patients with Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: Results from the Caravaggio Study. Thromb Haemost. 2021 May;121(5):616-624. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1720975. Epub 2020 Nov 17. PMID: 33202447.

[4] Li Shuo, Jin Shuai, Lu Qian, et al. Research progress of risk assessment tools for deep vein thrombosis in cancer patients[J].PLA Nursing Journal,2019, 36 (03): 59-63.

[5] Tritschler T , Kraaijpoel N , Gal GL , et al. Venous thromboembolism: advances in diagnosis and treatment[J]. JAMA, 2018, 320(15): 1583-1594. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.14346

[6] Ma Yun-fei, YU Ming-wei, LI Guang-da, et al. Research progress of hypercoagulable state of lung cancer in traditional Chinese and western medicine [J]. Modern Journal of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine,2020,29(33):3748-3752.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-8849.2020.33.025.

[7] Liu Junqing, Liu Chunxiang, Han Jinfeng. Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hypercoagulable state in patients with malignant tumors [J]. Guangxi Medicine, 2021,43(3):363-366. DOI:10.11675/j.issn.0253-4304.2021.03.26.

[8] Rong Yi, Yu Hao, Yang Junfeng, et al. Analysis of risk factors and risk prediction of deep vein thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture after operation [J]. Tissue Engineering Research in China,2022, 26 (33): 5357-5363.

[9] Wang Song-lin, HE Liang, ZHOU Ye-jiang. Risk factors of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery [J]. Chin J Modern Med, 2023,33(13):40-45. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2023.13.007.

[10] Zhang Xin, Liu Fang, Gong Li-chao, et al. Effects of different muscle strength of lower limbs on deep vein thrombosis in ICU patients in neurology department [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing,2019,35(30):2352-2357.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1672-7088.2019.30.007.

[11] Li L. Nursing progress on prevention of deep venous thrombosis in patients with malignant tumors [J]. China Urban and rural Enterprise Health,2021,36(9):79-81. DOI:10.16286/j.1003-5052. 2021.09.029.

[12] Mazzolai L, Ageno W, Alatri A, et al. Second consensus document on diagnosis and management of acute deep vein thrombosis: updated document elaborated by the ESC Working Group on aorta and peripheral vascular diseases and the ESC Working Group on pulmonary circulation and right ventricular function. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022 May 27;29(8):1248-1263. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab088. PMID: 34254133.

[13] Wang XF. Color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis and its value in the evaluation of thrombolytic therapy [J]. Thrombosis and hemostasis, 2022,28(3):803-804. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6213.2022.03.204.

[14] Zhou Xing-fan, Zhou Wen-zhen, WANG Li-wei, et al. Clinical value of CT venography in showing the distribution of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis [J]. Journal of Interventional Radiology, 2019,28(12):1140-1143.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-794X.2019.012.005.

[15] Hou Huiping, YUAN Haixia, Lin Lewu, et al. The value of plasma D-dimer combined with bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis [J]. Clinical medicine in China, 2020,27(3):497-500.DOI:10.12025/j.issn.1008-6358.2020.20191690.

[16] Shen Chan-juan, SONG Yun-lian, LU Fang-yan, et al. Research progress of risk assessment tools for patients with deep vein thrombosis [J]. Nursing and rehabilitation,2021, 20 (07): 29-32.

[17] Li Yan, Mo Wei, GE Jingping. Expert consensus on nursing standards for subcutaneous injection of anticoagulants [J]. Journal of Interventional Radiology,2019, 28 (08): 709-716.

[18] Guo Yifeng, Chen Yaping, Wang Xiaojie, et al. Research progress on the application of elastic stockings in the treatment of patients with acute deep vein thrombosis in foreign countries [J]. Nursing Journal, 2018,25(21):24-28.DOI:10.16460/j.issn1008-9969.2018.21.024.

[19] Sobreira ML, Bertanha M, Jaldin RG, et al. The prevalence of and predictors to indicate bilateral venous duplex ultrasound testing to detect contralateral asymptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in patients with acute symptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2016 Apr;4(2):172-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2015.09.007. Epub 2015 Nov 11. PMID: 26993863.

[20] Zhi Yanru, LI Haiyan, Chen Yanqing. Expert consensus on the application of gradient pressure socks in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism [J]. Journal of Interventional Radiology, 2019, 28 (09): 811-818.

[21] Wang Tian-qi, Yang Qiu-rong, Chen Li-Min. Research progress of medical elastic stockings in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs [J]. Journal of Modern Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,2017,26(22):2503-2506.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-8849.2017.22.038.

[22] Zhang Xiaomeng, Hu Yan, Zhang Yan-hong. Summary of the best evidence for ankle pump exercise to prevent lower extremity deep vein thrombosis after gynecological tumor surgery [J]. Journal of Advanced nursing Education,2023,38(3):241-246.DOI:10.16821/j.cnki.hsjx.2023.03.011.

[23] Liu Hui-yu, XUE Rui-na, Wu Xia, et al. Early ankle pump exercise combined with perioperative comprehensive nursing intervention to prevent deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs after total hip replacement [J]. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2019,25(5):845-847. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6213. 2019.05.048.

[24] Huang Ming-fu, Ouyang Hui-xian, Hu Xm-Meng, et al. Effect of medical elastic stockings combined with pneumatic therapeutic apparatus on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in elderly patients after laparoscopic hepatectomy [J]. General practice nursing, 2020,18(11):1354-1357. DOI:10.12104/j.issn.1674-4748.2020.11.021.

[25] Yan Y, Zhang Z. Effect of real-time quantitative evaluation of ladder advanced nursing on preventing deep vein thrombosis in bedridden elderly patients [J]. International Journal of Nursing, 2018,37(7):916-919.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4351.2018.07.016.

[26] Tajima Y, Kokaguchi K. Post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the medial plantar artery with arteriovenous fistula treated by coil embolization of the main feeding artery and percutaneous thrombin injection. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech. 2020 Oct 27;7(1):51-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2020.10.012. PMID: 33665531; PMCID: PMC7903191.

[27] Wen Jing, Chen Wei-ping, WANG Wei-hua, et al. Clinical study on the effect of intermittent pneumatic compression pump combined with plantar arteriovenous pump on the prevention of deep venous thrombosis in elderly bedridden patients [J]. Practical geriatrics, 2019,33(4):336-338,341. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2019.04.007.

[28] Coskun Benlidayi I. The effectiveness and safety of electrotherapy in the management of fibromyalgia. Rheumatol Int. 2020 Oct;40(10):1571-1580. doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04618-0. Epub 2020 Jun 10. PMID: 32524302.

[29] Zhang Fang. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in patients with benign gynecological diseases: a randomized controlled trial [D]. Peking Union Medical College,2018.

[30] Chen Yu-fen, LIU Bing-yao, SHI Xiao-juan, et al. Effects of wechat combined with home visit continuous nursing on compliance and quality of life after thrombolysis in lower extremity deep venous thrombosis [J]. Electronic Journal of Practical Clinical Nursing,2020,5(27):32,49.

[31] Li Simeng. Effect of continuous nursing on disease cognition and quality of life in discharged patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis [J]. Journal of Qiqihar Medical College,2021, 42 (21): 1927-1930.