Against the backdrop of changes in globalization and the reshaping of geopolitics, this paper reviews the theoretical basis, practical difficulties, and feasible pathways for China to deepen international science and technology cooperation. Combining literature review and comparative analysis, this paper integrates and discusses the evolution of cooperation mechanisms, the selection of policy tools, and the practices of different models. The study shows that current cooperation is constrained by both the external environment and domestic institutional and mechanistic constraints; the Belt and Road Initiative and the participation of multiple actors provide new possibilities for addressing these challenges. The next step should begin with removing policy bottlenecks, improving value assessment, and building a global knowledge chain, so as to promote the transformation of international science and technology cooperation from pursuing scale to emphasizing quality and foster an open, inclusive, and mutually beneficial situation.

Lin Niu. Research on the Mechanisms and Pathways for Deepening and Expanding International Science and Technology Cooperation under the New Circumstances: A Review Based on Domestic and International Literature. The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology (2026), Vol. 8, Issue 4: 21-27. https://doi.org/10.25236/FSST.2026.080404.

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