In human history, the city has been thought of as a critical factor in social development. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in European cities in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Almost all modern European cities were also formed during this period. Due to the industrial revolution and the rise of imperialism, the expansion of the working class and the middle class had caused tremendous changes in European cities in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. To date, there has been little agreement on the question of whether Europeans working-class perceive the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century city more as a place of excitement or as a place of fear? Wars and revolutions often happen, and Compared with the present, the laws and systems at that time were more developed. However, it cannot be denied that people's lives have been greatly improved by large-scale mechanical production. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explore the European view of the city at that time.

LI ZHAOGUO. European cities in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries became a place of excitement for the European working class . International Journal of New Developments in Engineering and Society (2020) Vol.4, Issue 3: 213-217. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJNDES.040320.

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