Welcome to Francis Academic Press

Academic Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2020, 1(1); doi: 10.25236/AJMHS.2020.010104.

The design of paracetamol

Author(s)

Sarah Shuai

Corresponding Author:
Sarah Shuai
Affiliation(s)

Suzhou foreign langauge school   Suzhou, jiangsu province  215000,China

Abstract

Paracetamol is a common drug used to relief pain and treat fever. It was firstly designed in 19th century and now has various methods, including original synthesis, green synthesis and direct synthsis, to be produced. However, it can also cause severe adverse effects, such as overdose, liver damage and skin reaction.
Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a medicine used to treat moderate spain and fever. It is also used for severe pain, such as cancer pain and pain after surgery, in combination with opioid pain medication.[1] Paracetamol is generally safe under the guidance of a doctor. The recommended maximum daily dose for an adult is three to four grams, while higher doses may lead to toxicity.[2] It does not have significant anti-inflammatoryactivity. But how it works is not entirely clear.[3]

Keywords

paracetamol, phenacetin, pharmacophores, liver damage, overdose

Cite This Paper

Sarah Shuai. The design of paracetamol. Academic Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences (2020) Vol. 1, Issue 1: 26-31. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJMHS.2020.010104.

References

[1]Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) (2008). "6.1 and 7.1.1" (PDF). Guideline 106: Control of pain in adults with cancer. Scotland: National Health Service (NHS). ISBN 9781905813384. Archived (PDF)from the original on 20 December 2010.
[2] "What are the recommended maximum daily dosages of acetaminophen in adults and children?". Medscape. Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
[3]  McKay GA, Walters MR (2013). "Non-Opioid Analgesics". Lecture Notes Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (9th ed.).
Hoboken: Wiley. ISBN 9781118344897. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
[4] Bertolini A, Ferrari A, Ottani A, Guerzoni S, Tacchi R, Leone S (2006). "Paracetamol: New vistas of an old drug". CNS Drug Reviews. 12 (3–4): 250–75. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00250.x. PMC 6506194. PMID 17227290.
[5] Ellis F (2002). Paracetamol: a curriculum resource. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 978-0-85404-375-0.
[6]  Joncour R, Duguet N, Métay E, Ferreirab A, Lemaire M (2014). "Amidation of phenol derivatives: a direct synthesis of paracetamol (acetaminophen) from Hydroquinone". Green Chem. 16 (6): 2997–3002. doi:10.1039/C4GC00166D.
[7] Joncour R, Duguet N, Métay E, Ferreira A, Lemaire M. "Supplementary Information Amidation of phenol derivatives: a direct synthesis of paracetamol (acetaminophen) from hydroquinone" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015.
[8] Ghanem CI, Pérez MJ, Manautou JE, Mottino AD (July 2016). "Acetaminophen from liver to brain: New insights into drug pharmacological action and toxicity". Pharmacological Research. 109: 119–31. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.020. PMC 4912877. PMID 26921661.
[9] "FDA Drug Safety Communication: Prescription Acetaminophen Products to be Limited to 325 mg Per Dosage Unit; Boxed Warning Will Highlight Potential for Severe Liver Failure". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 13 January 2011. Archived from the original on 18 January 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2011. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
[10]U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Date Posted 14 January 2011. Prescription Drug Products Containing Acetaminophen: Actions to Reduce Liver Injury from Unintentional Overdose Archived 25 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 23 February 2014. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
[11] "FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns of rare but serious skin reactions with the pain reliever/fever reducer acetaminophen". U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA). 1 August 2013. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 27 October2019.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
[12]Rumack B, Matthew H (1975). "Acetaminophen poisoning and toxicity". Pediatrics. 55 (6): 871–76. PMID 1134886.
[13] "Paracetamol". University of Oxford Centre for Suicide Research. 25 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 March 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
[14]Mehta, Sweety (25 August 2012). "Metabolism of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen), Acetanilide and Phenacetin". PharmaXChange.info. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 27 October2019.