This paper examines Japanese gairaigo from the basic aspects of its construction in terms of history, lexemes by vocabulary strata, orthography, phonology, and morphosyntax and social implications from the perspectives of functional and social motivations coined by Omar (2015). In addition, public surveys showed that many people considered the excessive number of incomprehensible foreign loanwords in a negative way, giving rise to a lot of opposing voices and ongoing language divisions by generations.

Zhongyin Zhang. Aspects of Westernization in Japanese Language: Construction of Gairaigo and its Social Implication. The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology (2019) Vol. 1 Issue 3: 11-23. https://doi.org/10.25236/FSST.20190302.

[1]Frellesvig, Bjarke(2010). A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge University Press.
[2]Gordon, Andrew(2003). A Modern History of Japan from Tokugawa Times to the Present.  Oxford University Press.
[3]Ōnishi, K., M. Kajiki(1997). "Katakana-gairaigo 'raifurain' wa wakarimasuka"      ["Did You Know the Lifeline of Katakana Gairaigo"]. Hōsōkenkyū- to-Chōsa, PDF ed., pp. 14-25.
[4]Rebuck, Mark(2002). "The Languages of Japan." NUCB JLCC, PDF ed., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 53-64.
[5]Schmidt, Christopher K(2009). Loanwords in the World's Languages A Comparative Handbook, Edited by Martin Haspelmath.
[6]Shibatani, Masayoshi(1990). The Languages of Japan, Cambridge University Press.
[7]Stanlaw, J. "Wasei Eigo Wa Baka Ni Dekinai" ["Don't Laugh at Wasei Eigo"].     Chishiki, PDF ed., no. 7, pp. 116-22.
[8]Tamaoka, Katsuo, and Yayoi Miyaoka(2003). "The Cognitive Processing of Japanese Loanwords in Katakana." Japanese Psychological Research, PDF ed., vol. 45,  no. 2, 14 Mar. pp. 69-79.
[9]Tanaka, Sachiko Oda, and Harumi Tanaka(1995). "A Survey of Japanese Sources on the Use of English in Japan." Journal of the International Association for World English, PDF ed., vol. 14, no. 1, Mar. pp. 117-35.