Oral microecology is an extremely complex ecosystem. The oral microbiome is also closely related to oral diseases and even systemic diseases. With the development of molecular biology technology, people have a deeper understanding of the correlation between oral microbiome and various diseases. This article will review the relationship and interaction between oral saliva flora, oral-gut-liver axis, and liver cirrhosis based on the current research progress of the oral microbiome.

Yu Su, Quan Yang, Huiyu He. Research progress on the relationship between oral saliva flora and liver cirrhosis. International Journal of Frontiers in Medicine (2022), Vol. 4, Issue 7: 49-52. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJFM.2022.040709.

[1] N.B. Arweiler and L. Netuschil (2016). The Oral Microbiota. Adv Exp Med Biol, vol.9, no.2, p.45-60.

[2] S.A. Mosaddad, E. Tahmasebi and A. Yazdanian (2019). Oral microbial biofilms: an update. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, vol.38, no.11, p.2005-2019.

[3] L. Samaranayake and V.H. Matsubara (2017). Normal oral flora and the oral ecosystem. Dental Clinics of North America, vol.61, no.2, p.199-215.

[4] L.H. Ge and H.F. Su (2019). Oral Microbiota Diversity and Bacterial Genomic Polymorphism. RT Journal Article, vol.35, no.10, p.915-918. 

[5] S. Zhou, Y. Cai and M. Wang (2018). Oral microbial flora of patients with Sicca syndrome. Mol Med Rep, vol.18, no.6, p.4895-4903.

[6] B. Sampaio-Maia, I.M. Caldas and M.L. Pereira (2016). The Oral Microbiome in Health and Its Implication in Oral and Systemic Diseases. Adv Appl Microbiol, vol.97, p.171-210.

[7] J.H.Sun,J, Yin and X.L. Li (2018). Characteristics of oral microbiome in gastric cancer patients.Beijing Journal of Stomatology, vol.26, no.1, p.5-10.

[8] Z.M. Zhang and B.Q. Cheng (2020). Research Progress on Relationship between Oral Microbes and Digestive System Cancer. Journal of Oral Science Research, vol.36, no.2, p.93-97

[9] P.D. Marsh (2018). In Sickness and in Health-What Does the Oral Microbiome Mean to Us? An Ecological Perspective. Adv Dent Res, vol.29, no.1, p.60-65.

[10] Z.M. Wang (2019). Relationship between oral microecological imbalance and general health Chinese Journal of Stomatology, vol.54, no.3, p145-150.

[11] X.X. Liu, B. Jiao and X.X. Liao (2018). Analysis of Salivary Microbiome in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis, vol.72, no.2, p.633-640.

[12] Q. Zhao, T. Yang,and Y. Yan (2020). Alterations of Oral Microbiota in Chinese Patients With Esophageal Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, vol.21, no.10, p.541144.

[13] A.L. Wei, M. Li and G.Q. Li, (2020). Oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol, vol.26, no.48, p.7679-7692.

[14] S. Hu, E. Png and M. Gowans (2021). Ectopic gut colonization: a metagenomic study of the oral and gut microbiome in Crohn's disease. Gut Pathog, vol.13, no.1, p.13.

[15] Y. Zhao, Y.F. Mao and Y.S. Tang (2018). Altered oral microbiota in chronic hepatitis B patients with different tongue coatings. World J Gastroenterol, vol.24, no.30, p. 3448-3461.

[16] F. Uchida, S. Oh and T. Shida (2021). Effects of Exercise on the Oral Microbiota and Saliva of Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol.18, no.7, p. 3470.

[17] Y. Zhu and H.L. Qin (2020). Advances in research of correlationship between oral microbes and oral diseases, intestinal flora and intestinal diseases. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol.32, no.3, p.256-261. 

[18] M.A. Curtis, C. Zenobia and R.P. Darveau (2011). The relationship of the oral microbiotia to periodontal health and disease. Cell Host Microbe, vol.10, no.4, p.302-6.3470.

[19] Y. Yamashita and T. Takeshita (2017). The oral microbiome and human health. J Oral Sci, vol.59, no.2, p. 201-206. 

[20] Q.W. Lu,Q.X. Xu and Y.J. Tian (2019). Application of real-time PCR in detection of changes of oral microbial flora in patients with recurrent oral ulcer. Chinese Journal of Microecology, vol.31, no.08, p.899-902. 

[21] S.M. Rego and M.P. Snyder (2019). High Throughput Sequencing and Assessing Disease Risk. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, vol.9, no.1, p. a026849. 

[22] Y.T.Shi, W.J. Shi and Y. Zou (2018). Effect of culture in vitro on human salivary microflora by high throughput sequencing.Stomatology, vol.38, no.12, p.1062-1067.

[23] W.Sui,H. Zhu and W.L. Gao (2019). Study on microbial communities related to childhood caries based on high-throughput sequencing technology. Journal of Clinical Stomatology, vol.35, no.12, p. 711-714.

[24] J.J. Yu,H.Li and Q.Y. Qiu (2018). Research on Gut Microbiota Diversity in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis by High-throughput Sequencing. Acta Medicinae Universitatis Scientiae et Technologiae Huazhong, vol.47, no.4, p.460-465. 

[25] Y. Wang,M. Wang and G.H. Zhang (2021). Clinical diagnosis,staging,and therapeutic principles of liver cirrhosis. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, vol.37, no.1, p.17-21.

[26] X.Tong and S.B. Chen (2022). Research progress on intestinal microecology in patients with liver cirrhosis.Journal of Hubei University of Medicine, vol.41, no.2, p.210-214. 

[27] J.Y. Cao, Y. J. Bao,J.Xu (2019). Oral-gut-liver axis and liver cirrhosis.Chinese Hepatology , vol.24, no.04, p. 462-464.

[28] N. Qin, F. Yang and A. Li (2014). Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis. Nature, vol.513, no. 7516, p.59-64. 

[29] F. Aberg, J. Helenius-Hietala and J. Meurman (2013). Association between dental infections and the clinical course of chronic liver disease. Hepatol Res, vol.44, no. 3, p.349-353. 

[30] J.S. Bajaj, N.S. Betrapally and P.B. Hylemon (2015). Salivary microbiota reflects changes in gut microbiota in cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology, vol.62, no.4, p.1260-1271. 

[31] T.H. Tranah, L.A. Edwards and B. Schnabl (2020). Targeting the gut-liver-immune axis to treat cirrhosis. Gut, vol.70, no.5, p.982-994.