Welcome to Francis Academic Press

International Journal of Frontiers in Medicine, 2023, 5(3); doi: 10.25236/IJFM.2023.050312.

New Developments in the Mechanism of Action of Pomegranate Peel Polyphenols

Author(s)

Yierfan·Nuermaimaiti1, Gulinuer·Awuti2

Corresponding Author:
Gulinuer·Awuti
Affiliation(s)

1Department of Periodontal, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatological Hospital), Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, Urumqi, China

2Department of Periodontal, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatological Hospital), Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, Urumqi, China

Abstract

Pomegranate Peel Polyphenols are a kind of polyphenolic hydroxyl compounds mainly found in pomegranate peel, whose components include nine compounds including amphiregulin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, kaempferol, caffeic acid and quercetin. The results of numerous studies show that pomegranate peel polyphenols have various biological functions such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor. And in recent years, the application of pomegranate peel polyphenols in oral cavity, especially in the treatment of periodontitis, has become a research hotspot. Therefore, this paper reviews the research on the function and application value of pomegranate peel polyphenols in the treatment of systemic and periodontitis by domestic and foreign scholars in recent years, which provides some reference value for the further development and utilization of pomegranate peel polyphenols.

Keywords

Pomegranate peel polyphenols; Antioxidant; Anti-inflammatory; Antibacterial; Periodontitis

Cite This Paper

Yierfan·Nuermaimaiti, Gulinuer·Awuti. New Developments in the Mechanism of Action of Pomegranate Peel Polyphenols. International Journal of Frontiers in Medicine (2023), Vol. 5, Issue 3: 67-71. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJFM.2023.050312.

References

[1] Bhandari PR. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L). Ancient seeds formodern cure Review of potential therapeutic applications. Int JNutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis 2012; 2: 171-84. 

[2] Lansky E P, Newman R A. Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer.Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2007, 109: 177-206. 

[3] Aviram M, Volkova N, Coleman R, et al. Pomegranate phenolics from the peels, arils, and flowers are antiatherogenic. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008, 56: 1148-1157. 

[4] Li Y F, Guo C J, Yang J J, et al. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract. Food Chemistry, 2006, 96: 254-260. 

[5] Mirdehghan S H, Rahemi M. Seasonal changes of mineral nutrients and phenolics in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 2007, 111: 120-127. 

[6] Cam M, Icyer NC, Erdoan F. Pomegranate peel phenolics: Microencapsulation, storage stability and potential ingredient for functional food development. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014; 55: 117-23. 

[7] Singh RP, Chidambara Murthy KN, Jayaprakasha GK. Studies on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel and seed extracts using in vitro models. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50(1): 81-6. 

[8] Akhtar S, Ismail T, Fraternale D, et.al Pomegranate peel and peel extracts: Chemistry and food features. Food Chem 2015; 174: 417-25. 

[9] Toullec, A., Gerald, D., Despouy, G.,et.al., 2010. Oxidativestress promotesmyofifibroblast differentiation and tumour spreading. EMBO Mol. Med. 2, 211–230. 

[10] Reuter, S., Gupta, S.C., Chaturvedi, M.M., Aggarwal, B.B., 2010. Oxidative stress, inflflammation, and cancer: how are they linked? Free Radic. Biol. Med. 49, 1603–1616. 

[11] McCall, D.O., McGartland, C. P, et.al, 2011. The effect of increased dietary fruit and vegetable consumption on endothelial activation, inflflammation and oxidative stress in hypertensive volunteers. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovas. Dis. 21, 658–664. 

[12] Hussain T, Tan B, Yin Y. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: What Polyphenols Can Do for Us Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016; 2016: 7432797. 

[13] Rodrigo R, Miranda A, Vergara L. Modulation of endogenous antioxidant system by wine polyphenols in human disease. ClinChimActa2011; 412(5-6): 410-24.

[14] Tsai H-Y, Ho C-T, Chen Y-K. Biological actions and molecular effects of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene. Yao Wu Shi Pin Fen Xi 2017; 25(1): 134-47. 

[15] Sood, A., and M. Gupta. 2015. Extraction process optimization for bioactive compounds in pomegranate peel. Food Bioscience 12: 100–6. doi: 10.1016/j.fbio.2015.09.004. 

[16] Les, F., J. M. Arbones-Mainar, M. S. Valero, and V. Lopez. 2018. Pomegranatepolyphenols and urolithin A inhibit a-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, lipase, triglyceride accumulation and adipogenesis related genes in 3T3-L1 adipocyte-like cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 220: 67–74. 

[17] Gutierrez-Del-Ro, I., J. Fernandez, and F. Lombo. 2018. Plant nutraceuticals as antimicrobial agents in food preservation: Terpenoids, polyphenols and thiols. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 52 (3):30915.

[18] Gullon, B., M. E. Pintado, J. A. Perez-Alvarez, and M. Viuda-Martos. 2016. Assessment of polyphenolic profile and antibacterial activity of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) flour obtained from co-product of juice extraction. Food Control. 59: 94–8. 

[19] Rosas-Burgos, E. C., A. Burgos-Hernandez, et.al 2017. Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extracts as affected by cultivar. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 97 (3):80210. 

[20] Rummun, N., J. Somanah, S. Ramsaha, T. Bahorun, and V. S. NeergheenBhujun. 2013. Bioactivity of nonedible parts of Punica granatum L.: A potential source of functional ingredients. International Journal of Food Science 2013: 1–12.

[21] Elbatanony, M. M., A. M. El-Feky, B. A. Hemdan, and M. A. El-Liethy. 2019. Assessment of the antimicrobial activity of the lipoidal and pigment extracts of Punica granatum L. leaves. Acta Ecologica Sinica 39 (1):89–94. 

[22] 1. Jurenka JS. Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): A review. Altern Med Rev 2008; 13(2): 128-44. 

[23] Ahmed S, Wang N, Hafeez BB, Cheruvu VK, Haqqi TM. Punica granatum L. extract inhibits IL-1beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases by inhibiting the activation of MAP kinases and NFkappaB in human chondrocytes in vitro. J Nutr 2005; 135(9):2096-102.

[24] Ahmadiankia, N., M. Bagheri, and M. Fazli. 2018. Gene expression changes in pomegranate peel extract-treated triple-negative breast cancer cells. Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 7 (1): 102–9

[25] Lansky, E. P., W. Jiang, H. Mo,et.al 2005. Possible synergistic prostate cancer suppression by anatomically discrete pomegranate fractions. Investigational New Drugs 23 (1):11–20. 

[26] Bagheri, M., M. Fazli, S. Saeednia, A. Kor, and N. Ahmadiankia. 2018. Pomegranate peel extract inhibits expression of b-catenin, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and metastasis in triple negative breast cancer cells. Cellular and Molecular Biology 64 (7):86–91. 

[27] Banihani S, Swedan S, Alguraan Z. Pomegranate and type 2 diabetes. Nutr Res. 2013 May;33(5):341-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.03.003. Epub 2013 Apr 15. 

[28] Parmar HS, Kar A. Medicinal values of fruit peels from Citrus sinensis, Punica granatum, and Musa paradisiaca with respect to alterations in tissue lipid peroxidation and serum concentration of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones. J Med Food 2008; 11: 376–81.

[29] Parmar HS, Kar A. Antidiabetic potential of Citrus sinensis and Punica granatum peel extracts in alloxan treated male mice. Biofactors 2007; 31: 17–24. 

[30] Jurenka JS. Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): A review. Altern Med Rev 2008; 13(2):128-44. 

[31] Bhadbhade SJ, Acharya AB, Rodrigues SV, Thakur SL. The antiplaque efficacy of pomegranate mouthrinse. Quintessence Int. 2011; 42: 29–36.

[32] Arun N, Singh DP. Punica granatum: A review on pharmacological and therapeutic properties. IJPSR. 2012; 3: 1240–5. 

[33] Ishikawa I. Host responses in periodontal diseases: A preview. Periodontol 2000. 2007; 43: 9–13. 

[34] El-Sherbini GT, Shoukry NM. In vitro effect of pomegranate peel extract on Trichomonas tenax. Life Sci J. 2012; 9: 791–7.

[35] Lee CJ, Chen LG, Liang WL, et.al Anti-inflammatory effects of Punica granatum Linne in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem. 2010; 118: 315–22. 

[36] Sastravaha G, Yotnuengnit P, Booncong P, Sangtherapitikul P. Adjunctive periodontal treatment with Centella asiatica and Punica granatum extracts. A preliminary study. J Int Acad Periodontol 2003; 5(4):106-15. 

[37] Sastravaha G, Gassmann G, Sangtherapitikul P, et.al. Adjunctive periodontal treatment with Centella asiatica and Punica granatum extracts in supportive periodontal therapy. J Int Acad Periodontol 2005; 7(3):70-9.