International Journal of New Developments in Education, 2023, 5(12); doi: 10.25236/IJNDE.2023.051213.
Zhou Wenjing
Liangshan Experimental High School, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China
At present, the phenomenon of overeducation has emerged in China, such as the heavy burden of schoolwork on students and the difficulty of choosing a career for graduates, resulting in a crisis of academic overload and the whole society being overwhelmed by the pressure of "involution". From "inadequate education" to "academic overload" is a major shift in the development of education in China. However, the overeducation behind "academic overload" has had a negative impact on the development of education, causing not only "intellectual unemployment" but also exceeding the needs of students' healthy physical and mental growth. How to solve the academic overload crisis has become an urgent issue. Based on the current situation of education, this paper analyses the causes and dangers of overeducation from the basic education to higher education levels to propose measures in different terms.
overeducation; academic overload; basic education; higher education
Zhou Wenjing. Research on the Problem of "Overeducation" in China. International Journal of New Developments in Education (2023) Vol. 5, Issue 12: 76-83. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJNDE.2023.051213.
[1] Shen Yu, Sun Wenkai & Gu Yuqing (2023). College Enrollment Expansion, Overeducation and Career Mobility. Finance & Trade Economic, vol. 44, no. 4, p. 157-172.
[2] Zhou Mindan (2021). Human Capital Supply, Skills Demand and Overeducation. The Journal of World Economy, no. 7, p. 79-103.
[3] Tang Shuang (2018). Research on the Actualities and Problems of Over-learning in Elementary Education. Master Dissertation, Hubei University, Wuhan.
[4] Freeman R (1976). The Overeducated American. New York : Academic Press.
[5] Bishop J. (1995). Over-education. In M. Carnoy (ED). International Encyclopedia of Economics of Education, second ed. Oxford : Pergamon Press, p. 375-380.
[6] Henry M. Levin (1995). High Technology, Effectiveness, Resource Planning and Reform - Critical Issues in Educational Decision Making and Management. Zeng Manchao, Zhong Yuping & Xiao Jin., trans, People's Daily Press.
[7] Becker G.S. Human Capital (1994). A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education. nber Books, 1994, vol.18, no.1, p.556.
[8] Brzinsky-Fay C. (2017). The Interplay of Educational and Labour Market Institutions and Links to Relative Youth Unemployment. Journal of European Social Policy, vol. 27, no. 4. p.346-359.
[9] Sattinger M. (2017). Assignment Models of the Distribution of Earnings. Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 31, no. 2, p. 831-880.
[10] Sicherman N., & Galor O. (1990). A Theory of Career Mobility. Journal of Political Economy, vol. 98, no. 1, p. 169-192.
[11] Yu Rong & Gan Xiaofeng (2021). Progress and trend of international research on overeducation in recent 20 years: a visualization analysis based on CiteSpace. Journal of Zhejiang Normal University (Social Science), vol. 46, no. 2, p. 102-114.
[12] Shuhong Peng (2017). The Explanation of Chinese College Wage Premium's Evolution. education & Economy, vol.33, no.3, p.42-51.
[13] Bingbing Zhang & Hong Shen (2019). Overeducation in China : A Theoretical Examination. Fudan Education Forum, vol.17, no.2, p.62-93.
[14] Bingbing Zhang & Hong Shen (2019). The Moderate Range of Overeducation in China. Education & Economy, vol. 35, no. 3, p. 78-86.
[15] Li Xiaoguang (2021). Overeducation in Chinese Urban Labor Market: Measurement Improvements and Income Effects. Population & Economy, no.1, p.116-131.
[16] Liu Yunbo & Zhong Yuping (2012). Study on Over-education and Its Relationship with the Development of the Industries in Hong Kong. Peking University Education Review, vol.10, no.4. p.120-188.
[17] Zhao Xin & Jiang Wenli (2021). Social capital's influence on over-education matching in employment and its mechanism: Evidence from CFPS 2018. Journal of Human Agriculture University (Social Sciences), vol. 22, no. 1, p. 77-86.
[18] Miao Yuhuan (2013).Study on the Over-education and Its Influential Factors in China. Statistical Research, vol.30, no.7, p.48-54.
[19] Li Qian & Cao Shujiang (2018). An Empirical Research on the Reasons of Overeducation Based on Educational Background of Workers. Modern Education Management, no. 10, p. 18-23.
[20] Yuzhi Yuan & Yuhong Du (2021). The Research of Skill Mismatch and Influencing Factors in Chinese Labor Market. education & Economy, vol.37, no.2, p.68-77.
[21] Xu Xiaowen & Yue Changjun (2020). The Impact of Over-education on College Graduates Employment Satisfaction : An Analysis Survey on College Graduates Employment in 2015. Education and Culture, vol.12, no.2, p.96-103.
[22] Song Jian & Zhao Qiuting (2022). Youth Career and Education Matching, Career Expectation and Job Satisfaction. youth Exploration, no.5, p.51-64.
[23] Wang Fei (2022). Analysis of Overeducation in Primary and Secondary Schools Based on Cognitive Psychology. No.9, p.102-104.
[24] Ma Caiquan & Cui Guohu (2022). An investigation of the burden of school work in primary and secondary schools—based on a burden reduction perspective. Western china quality education , vol. 8, no. 23, p. 102-105.
[25] Li Qian & Cao Shujiang (2018). An Empirical Research on the Reasons of Overeducation Based on Educational Background of Workers. Modern Education Management, no. 10, p. 18-23.
[26] Liu Yunbo (2019). Incidence of Education Mismatch and Skills Mismatch and Its Income Effects - an Empirical Analysis Based on China CGSS 2015. Dong Yue Tribune, vol. 40. no. 3, p.60-68.
[27] Liu Wenjie (2013). An Investigation into the Phenomenon of "Over-education" in China. Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University (Educational Science), vol.26, no.8. p.5-8.
[28] You Liang & Li Genli (2023). Overeducation and Turnover Intention of Workers. Foreign Economics & Management, p.1-16.
[29] Guo Jiao (2019). Income Effects of Overeducation and Undereducation: Based on the 2015 National Survey of University Graduates. Fudan Education Forum, vol. 17, no. 2. p.70-77.
[30] Zhou Mindan (2021). Human Capital Supply, Skills Demand and Overeducation. The Journal of World Economy, no.7, p.79-103.
[31] Li Jianfeng (2016). Analysis of Factors Influencing Overeducation of University Graduates. Education Review, no. 5, p. 34-38.