Psychological capital is a durable and relatively stable psychological foundation that individuals acquire through avenues such as learning and investment. It is an important concept that influences the psychological health, happiness, and work behavior of individuals and groups. Individualized psychological interventions include providing psychological services and social support, enhancing social capital or human capital, and increasing community resource support, among other approaches. Group interventions led and participated in by organizations are more effective and cost-efficient intervention strategies. Organizational-led group micro-interventions not only include four processes of collective hope, collective efficacy, collective resilience, and collective optimism but also reinforce group perception through leadership behavior and member contagion, reshaping group emotions. Organizational platform interventions are another important form of group intervention. Through workplace and community platforms, individual care and group cohesion can be achieved. A combination of these three strategies can lead to better practical outcomes.

Ying Cao. Psychological Capital: Concepts, Measurement, and Interventions. Academic Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences (2023) Vol. 6, Issue 21: 78-83. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJHSS.2023.062113.

[1] Goldsmith A H, Veum J R, and Darity W. (1997). The impact of psychological and human capital on wages. Economic Inquiry, 35, 815-829.

[2] Seligman M E P.(2002). Authentic happiness. New York: Free Press.

[3] Luthans F, Avolio B J, Walumbwa F O, and Li W. (2005). The psychological capital of Chinese workers: Exploring the relationship with performance. Management and Organization Review, 1, 247-269.

[4] Luthans F, Youssef, C M, and Avolio, B J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human capital edge. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

[5] Luthans F, Youssef C M. (2004). Human, social and now positive psychological capital management: Investing in people for competitive advantage. Organizational Dynamics, 33, 143-160.

[6] Snyder C R, Irving L M, and Anderson S A. (1991). Hope and health: Measuring the will and the ways. In Handbook of Social and Clinical Psychology: The Health Perspective, ed. Snyder C R and Forsyth D R. New York: Pergamon Press, 285-305.

[7] Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063-1078.

[8] Seligman M E P. (1998). Learned optimism. New York: Pocket Books.

[9] Luthans F, Avolio B J, Avey J B, Norman S M. (2007). Positive Psychological Capital: Measmoenzent and Relationship with Performance and Satisfaction. Personnel psychology, 60, 541-572.

[10] Schneider, S. L. (2001). In search of realistic optimism: Meaning, knowledge, and warm fuzziness. American Psychologist, 56(3), 250-263. 

[11] Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(6), 695-706.

[12] Skodol, A. E. (2010). The resilient personality. In J. W. Reich, A. J. Zautra, & J. S. Hall (Eds.), Handbook of adult resilience (pp. 112-125). The Guilford Press.

[13] Jensen S M, Luthans F. (2006). Relationship between Entrepreneurs' Psychological Capital and Their Authentic Leadership. Journal of Managerial Issues, 18 (2), 254-273.

[14] Page,L F, and Bonohue, R.(2004). Postive psychological capital: A preliminary exploration of the construct. Working Paper of department of managment of Monash University.

[15] Ke Jianglin, Sun Jianmin, Li Yongrui. (2009) Psychological Capital: Development of Native Scale and Comparison between Chinese and Western. Journal of Psychology, 41(9), 876-888. 

[16] Wu Weijiong, Liu Yi, Lu Hong, et al. (2012). The relationship between indigenous psychological capital and occupational well-being. Journal of Psychology, 44(10), 1349-1370. 

[17] Zhang Kuo, Lu Guangxin, Wang Jingxin. (2014). A Path Model of the Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital in the Relationship between Work Stress and Job Burnout. Psychological and Behavioral Research, 12(01), 91-96. 

[18] Ye Yiduo, Fang Biji. (2015). Compilation of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students. Journal of Fujian Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), (2), 135-141, 171. 

[19] Luthans F, Youssef C M. (2017). Psychological capital: An evidence-based positive approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 339-366. 

[20] Yang Yiyin. (2012). The psychological mechanism and effect of social psychology formation[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 14(06), 2-7+145. 

[21] Mishra, P avitra. (2015). A grounded theory study on family-to-work enrichment: Exploring links with family resources, community resources, work-role salience and psychological capital. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 4(1), 45-67. 

[22] Morgan, Haydn & Batlle, Costas, I. (2019). It's borderline hypocrisy: Recruitment practices in youth sport-based interventions. Journal of Sport for Development, 7(13), 1-14. 

[23] Yao Jin, Yang Liping. (2023). Research on Collective Psychological Capital: Review and Prospects. Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Monthly, 36(07), 192-198. 

[24] Broad J D, Luthans F. (2017) Leading and developing health and safety through collective psychological capital. In: Kellow E K, Nielsen K, Dimoff J K. (Ed) Leading to occupational health and safety: How leadership behaviors impact organizational safety and well-being. New Jersey. Hoboken: John Wiley, Sons Ltd.

[25] Fang Biji. (2012). A Study on the Structure, Characteristics, Related Factors and Group Intervention of Adolescent Students 'Psychological Capital. Fujian Normal University.

[26] Zhu Wanjing. (2009). Analysis of psychological capital applied in enterprise management. Modern Commerce and Industry, 21(24), 44-45. DOI:10.19311/j.cnki.1672-3198.2009.24.023.

[27] Zhang Xiaojun, Zhou Wencheng. (2013). An empirical study on the relationship between transformational leadership and employee innovation behavior — based on the mediating role of psychological capital. Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (Social Sciences Edition), 15(02), 43-49. DOI:10.14132/j.cnki.nysk.2013.02.015. 

[28] Mishra, Pavitra. (2015). A grounded theory study on family-to-work enrichment. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, (1), 45-67. 

[29] Li Keke, Yu Hua. (2016). A Study on the Development of Psychological Capital and Psychological Assistance Strategy for Poor College Students. Industry and Technology Forum, 15(10), 235-236. 

[30] Jaswant B, Mulugeta A, Sidonia C, et al. (2019). Psychological capital and life satisfaction of refugees in Canada: Evidence from a community-based educational support program. Journal of community psychology, 47(3), 504-516.

[31] Morgan, Haydn, Parker, Andrew & Marturano, Naomi. (2020). Community-based intervention and marginalised youth: inclusion, social mobility and life-course transition. Journal of Education and Work, 33(5-6), 1-16.