The groundbreaking scientific practices of Guo Shoujing (1231-1316) in astronomy and hydraulic engineering during the Yuan Dynasty catalyzed a paradigmatic shift in Chinese science from empirical accumulation to theoretical systematization. In astronomy, he spearheaded large-scale observational projects, innovating instruments such as the simplified armillary sphere (Jianyi) and elevated gnomon (Gaobiao), which generated precise empirical data to refine calendrical calculations, establishing an enduring exemplar in Chinese astronomical history. In hydraulic engineering, he conceptualized topographic elevation gradients and designed multi-stage sluice systems for the Tonghui River, synergizing traditional hydrological wisdom with technological iterations to triple water transport efficiency. His methodological framework manifested threefold innovation: enhancing data accuracy through expansive observational networks and precision instrumentation, reconceptualizing the epistemological logic of technological devices (e.g., reconstructing equatorial coordinates in observational tools), and implementing mathematical modeling for systematic engineering planning. Compared with contemporaneous scientific traditions, his achievements demonstrated unparalleled integration of empirical rigor and applied engineering, transcending regionally confined theoretical paradigms through the dialectical synthesis of technical praxis and mathematical deduction. This study argues that Guo's work reconfigured traditional epistemic frameworks via interdisciplinary synthesis and systemic optimization, articulating a distinct non-Western trajectory of premodern scientific transformation. His legacy persists in illuminating contemporary challenges in technological ethics, holistic methodologies, and the cross-disciplinary integration essential for scientific innovation.

Liu Jianzhe, Wei Xiaoye. Epistemic Innovation in Guo Shoujing's Scientific Practice. Academic Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences (2025), Vol. 8, Issue 4: 37-43. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJHSS.2025.080406.

[1] Fang, H. (2021) History of Sino-Western Communications, Volume 2. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 550.

[2] Zhu, Y.Z. (1992) Decree to the Father of Wang Zhen, Magistrate of Pingliang County. In: Qian, B.C. and Wei, T.X. (Eds.), Complete Ming Texts. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 126.

[3] Xingtai County Annals Compilation Committee (Ed.). (1993) Xingtai County Annals. Beijing: Xinhua Publishing House, 639-640.

[4] Xiong, D.C. and Guo, T. (1989) An Introduction to the History of Chinese Hydraulic Science and Technology. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press, 281. 

[5] Chen, M.D. (2003) A Critical Biography of Guo Shoujing. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 326.

[6] Zhang, P.Y., Chen, M.D., Bo, S.R., et al. (2008) Ancient Chinese Calendars. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, 613.

[7] Ge, R.K. (2023) A Glimpse into Guo Shoujing's "Shixue" (Practical Learning) Culture. Journal of Xingtai University, 38, 29-37.