With the rapid advancement of educational digitisation and generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), current teaching faces challenges such as low utilisation of MOOC resources and insufficient interaction between teachers and students. To address these issues, this study constructs a GenAI-empowered teaching model integrating SPOC and BOPPPS. GenAI is employed to generate and optimise content, recommend personalised learning pathways, and support intelligent conversational interaction. SPOC provides a structured online learning environment for pre-class and post-class activities, facilitating the construction of knowledge graphs. BOPPPS offers a clear framework for in-class teaching. This study implements the constructed GenAI-empowered SPOC and BOPPPS hybrid teaching model in the Operations Research course over a complete teaching semester. Analysis of final exam scores, SPOC learning data, and classroom teaching observation data from three classes showed that the experimental group achieved a higher average score than the control group, along with significantly enhanced learning motivation and classroom engagement.

Zhaohui Chen, Yuan Wang, Haiyang Liu, Pujun Long, Xipeng Kou, Jie Tan. GenAI-Empowered Teaching Model Integrating SPOC and BOPPPS. Frontiers in Educational Research (2026), Vol. 9, Issue 1: 25-32. https://doi.org/10.25236/FER.2026.090104.

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