Diabetes mellitus (DM) is globally recognized as one of the three major chronic noncommunicable diseases. Genetic and environmental factors are key contributors to its onset, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounting for 90% of cases. Epigenetics has been demonstrated to participate in T2D pathogenesis, including methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and histone modifications. In recent years, research on RNA modifications has intensified, with over 150 distinct modification patterns identified. Among these, m6A modification is the most prevalent, involving the coordinated action of RNA methyltransferases (Writers), RNA demethylases (Erasers), and RNA methyltransferase-reading proteins (Readers) to regulate multiple biological processes in the body. Indeed, an increasing number of therapeutic mechanisms targeting DM have been found to correlate with m6A modification, including traditional Chinese medicine, classic hypoglycemic agents, and novel small-molecule drugs. Furthermore, these interventions have demonstrated efficacy in managing diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy. This review focuses on m6A modification within the RNA methylation landscape of diabetes, summarizing current research advances and potential therapeutic strategies targeting m6A modification for improving DM.

Changlong Hu, Guihong Huang. The impact of N6-methyladenosine modification on diabetes and its complications and exploration of potential therapeutic agents. Frontiers in Medical Science Research (2026), Vol. 8, Issue 2: 115-120. https://doi.org/10.25236/FMSR.2026.080213.

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