The paper studies the difference between single and multi-component calibration results of tire six-component force sensor. In accordance with the measuring principle of strain gauge, the different formulas of single calibration and multi-component calibration for one strain gauge are deduced. Taking the resistance strain tire six-component force sensor with four column structure as an example, some certain channel output shows a larger error between single and multi-component calibration results, which is the integrated result of structure and measuring bridge. Because of the difference between the two results, single calibration is not better than multi-component calibration when calibrating a sensor working under multi-component force conditions. The simulation experiments of virtual single and multi-component calibrations are conducted based on Hypermesh and Abaqus. Thus, the above conclusions are confirmed by simulation results. In accordance with the verification above, a more reasonable method for tire six-component force sensor calibration is proposed in this paper.

Yong Wei, Yonghui Jia, Baolv Wei. Study of the Difference between Single and Multi-component Calibration Results of Tire Six-component Force Sensor. Academic Journal of Engineering and Technology Science (2021) Vol. 4, Issue 3: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJETS.2021.040305.

[1] Guo Konghui, “Vehicle Tire Dynamics,” (Beijing, Science Press, 2018), ISBN 978-7-03-059128-9

[2] Pacejka, H.B., “Tyre and Vehicle Dynamics, Third Edition,” (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2012), ISBN: 978-0-08-097016-5

[3] Gipser, and M. "FTire – the tire simulation model for all applications related to vehicle dynamics." Vehicle System Dynamics 45. sup1 (2007): 139-151. doi: 10.1080/00423110801899960

[4] Wang Dong, “Research on Decoupling Theory and Technology of Automobile Wheel Force Measurement,” Ph.D. thesis, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 2016

[5] Feng, Lihang, et al. "Design and optimization of a self-decoupled six-axis wheel force transducer for a heavy truck." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 229.12 (2015): 1585-1610. doi: 10.1177/0954407014566439

[6] Sun, Yongjun, et al. "Design and optimization of a novel six-axis force/torque sensor for space robot." Measurement 65 (2015): 135-148. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2015.01.005

[7] Xu Zhengzheng, “Design and Implementation of Wheel Force Sensor with Inertial Decoupling Function, ”master's thesis, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 2017

[8] Li, Ying Jun, et al. "A novel parallel piezoelectric six-axis heavy force/torque sensor." Measurement 42.5(2009): 730-736. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2008.12.005

[9] Wang, Zhijun, et al. "Optimal design and experiment research of a fully pre-stressed six-axis force/torque sensor." Measurement 46.6(2013):2013-2021. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2013.03.003

[10] Pytka, J., "A Wheel Dynamometer for Off-Road Vehicles Testing," SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-0783, 2008, doi: 10.4271/2008-01-0783. 

[11] Yao, Jiantao, et al. "Task-oriented design method and research on force compliant experiment of six-axis wrist force sensor." Mechatronics 35(2016):109-121. doi: 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2016.01.007

[12] Chen, Danfeng, A. Song, and A. Li. "Design and Calibration of a Six-axis Force/torque Sensor with Large Measurement Range Used for the Space Manipulator." Procedia Engineering 99 (2015): 1164-1170. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.699

[13] Ballo F, et al. "Advances in Force and Moments Measurements by an Innovative Six-axis Load Cell." Experimental Mechanics 54.4(2014):571-592. doi: 10.1007/s11340-013-9824-4

[14] Pan Ying, “Research on Six-dimensional Force Sensor Calibration System Based on Stewart Platform”, master's thesis, Apparatus Science and Engineering Department, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 2017

[15] Nitsche, J., et al. "Measurement uncertainty evaluation of a hexapod-structured calibration device for multi-component force and moment sensors." Metrologia 54.2(2017): 171-183.doi: 10.1088/1681-7575/aa5b66

[16] “Calibration services” https://www.kistler.com/?type=669&fid=319&model=download&callee= frontend

[17] Zhang Jingzhu, “Study on Design Principle of Special Six-component Force Sensors,” Ph.D. thesis, College of Ordnance Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 2008 

[18] Guo Konghui, Jin Lingge, and Lu dang. "Application of UniTire in vehicle dynamics simulation." Journal of Jilin University (Engineering) v.39.S2: 241-245.

[19] Railway Engineering Research Institute of China Academy of Railway Sciences, “Resistance Strain Pressure Transducer,” (China Railway Publishing House, Beijing) 1979.

[20] Li Yan, Li Xine and Pei Dongxing. “Strain pressure sensor and its application circuit design.” Measurement and Testing Techniques 12(2007).

[21] Yin FuYan. “Research on Resistance Strain Gage and Strain Transfer Principle.” Science and technology application 2(2010): 1-8.

[22] https://www.hbm.com/en/4707/series-m-strain-gauges-at-an-extended-strain-level/#accordion-297653-539

[23] Akbari, Hossein, and A. Kazerooni. "Improving the coupling errors of a Maltese cross-beams type six-axis force/moment sensor using numerical shape-optimization technique." Measurement 126.C (2018): 342-355. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement. 2018.05.074

[24] Qiaokang, Liang, et al. "Design and Analysis of a Sensor System for Cutting Force Measurement in Machining Processes." Sensors 16.1(2016):70-. doi: 10.3390/s16010070

[25] Palli, G., et al. "Development of an optoelectronic 6-axis force/torque sensor for robotic applications." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 220(2014): 333-346. doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2014.09.023

[26] Hai-Bin, L. I., et al. "New Calibration Method of Six-Axis Force Sensor Based on Stewart Platform." Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators 19.1(2006):132-136. doi: 10.1016/S1005-8885(07)60041-7

[27] Huang Jichang, Xu Qiaoyu and Zhang Haigui. “Working Principle and Application Example of Sensor,” (Posts & Telecom Press, Beijing) 1998.

[28] Huge W. Larsen, Carl E. Talaski, “Multi-axis Wheel Load Transducer,” U.S. Patent 6,324,919, Dec. 4, 2001.

[29] Hong, Daewoong, C. Li, and J. Jeong. "A Crosstalk Compensation of a Multi-axis ForceTorque Sensor Based on the Least Squares Method Using LabVIEW." Fourth International Conference on Computational & Information Sciences IEEE, 2012. doi: 10.1109/ICCIS.2012.12

[30] Gao Fei, “Numerical calculation and analysis of a six-component force transducer,” master's thesis, Transport College, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 2006

[31] Guo Konghui, “Vehicle Handling Dynamics,” (Cahngchun, Jilin Science and Technology Press, 1991), ISBN 978-7-53-840859-1

[32] http://www.msc-cn.com/products/transducers/wheel-force-transducers/

[33] https://www.kistler.com/zh/applications/automotive-research-test/vehicle-dynamics-durability/tire-testing/