The chapter heading for chapter fictions in Ming and Qing Dynasties is an important part of the novel and has distinct characteristics. The main manifestations are as follows: First, the language is concise and clear. Second, the syntactic structure is fixed. Third, it covers the elements of people, things, and verbs. In the process of translating the chapter fictions in Ming and Qing dynasties, translators need to master the characteristics of the chapter fictions in Ming and Qing dynasties, effectively and skillfully use parts of speech conversion, amplification and omission and attach importance to the translation of adverbs in chapter fictions. The translation of chapter fictions in Ming and Qing Dynasties will be more in line with their own characteristics and more accurate through the mastery and use of these translation techniques.

Xu fang. The Chapter Heading Characteristics and Translation Skills of Chapter Fictions in Ming and Qing Dynasties.  Frontiers in Educational Research (2019) Vol. 2 Issue 3: 8-14. https://doi.org/10.25236/FER.033036.

[1]CHENG Guo-fu. Century Study on Nomenclature of Novels in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties[J].Social Science Research, 2014(4):175-185.
[2]HOU Gui-yun. The Unique Charm of the Beginning and the Ending: A Contrastive Analysis on the Stylistic Characteristics of the Chapter Heading and the couplet of the Romance of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms[J].Masterpieces Review,2010(5):40-43.
[3]ZHANG Yong-wei. On the Argumentation and the Structure of the Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties[J].Yinshan Academic Journal, 2016, 29(6):23-28.                         
[4]CHENG Guo-fu. On the Connotation and Characteristics of the Naming by Meaning in the Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties[J].Literary Review, 2016(1):203-215.
[5]TAN Xing.Strategies of Translating Rhetoric Devices in Chapter Titles from Two English Versions of Three Kingdoms[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Social Sciences Edition), 2015, 15(2):133-136.
[6] CHEN Xiao-li, ZHANG Zhi-quan. The Translation of Chapter Titles in Two English Versions of San Guo Yan Yi from the Perspective of Skopostheorie[J]. Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition), 2011, 17(4):164-168.
[7]YU Tao, ZHANG Rui-e. Translation of the chapter headings in "A Dream in Red Mansions" from the Perspective of Classical Aesthetics and Modern Functional Linguistics[J]. Journal of Huaibei Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2014(2):134-137.
[8]HUANG Xiao-yi.Creation and Re-Creation in the Constraints of Narrative Function: A Comparative Study of the English Translation of the Chapter Heading in "A Dream of Red Mansions"[M].Beijing: Peking University Press,2014：55-56.
[9]ZHANG Jie. A Comparative Study of Two English Translations of the Chapter Headings in A Dream of Red Mansions: Discussing the Similarities and Differences of English Translations in the Context of the Existence of the Subject of Life[J].Literatures, 2010(12):78-78.
[10]LIU Jin.Research on the Translation Arts of the Outlaws of the Marsh's Title[J].Journal of Qiqihar University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), 2018(3): 68-69.