Maria Campbell is an outstanding Cree-Métis writer, and her novel Halfbreed (1973) as her autobiography is seen as a foundation of indigenous literature for its description of indigenous people’s experience in Canada. Halfbreed also recounts Campbell's experiences being subjected to discrimination from both white people and government. In the novel, Campbell addresses indigenous people’s sense of losing the identity, which leads to their sufferings in the white world and halfbreed community. Halfbreed explores Campbell's escape and return from the aspects of discrimination in society and the dilemma of halfbreed community. First, it will analyze the suffocating survival environment where Maria Campbell lived, and reveal her harsh survival environment for being identities of halfbreed. Next, It provides the shift for Campbell's escape from passive attitude to positive attitude in life. Then, that Campbell's return to the halfbreed both biologically and spiritually records her salvation and psychological growth. From the perspective of Campbell’s escape and return to interpret the novel contributes to understanding the history of Canadian indigenous and inspiring modern people who are in miseries.

Li Xue. An Analysis of Halfbreed: Maria Campbell’s Escape and the Return. Academic Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences (2022) Vol. 5, Issue 9: 43-48. https://doi.org/10.25236/AJHSS.2022.050907.

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